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This is not a wasteland of thought by any means, and the Russian formalists are an important part of what's going on.
俄国并不是一座思想的废都，形式主义者是思想界很重要的一个部分。
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In doing so he made himself sort of an outsider to traditional Russian ways of looking at this thing.
而这样以来,他就如同是一个局外人一样,来对待俄国传统
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This is a crucial issue for the Russian formalists, which they handle very boldly.
这是俄国形式主义者的重要论点，他们处理的十分大胆。
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He says this in his last Russian novel, The Gift.
他在最后一本其俄语小说《礼物》中这么说。
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So, Peter the Great, despite his dramatic expansion of the Russian empire, does not get this outlet on the Black Sea.
所以,彼得大帝,虽然为俄帝国的扩张立下汗马功劳,仍旧没能夺取黑海的入海口
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But he founds the first Russian museum, the first school of navigation, the first school of this and that.
但彼得大帝还修建了俄国第一家博物馆,第一家航运学校,还有很多方面上的"第一所"学校
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This permeated not only the Russian Orthodox Church, but it permeates the Catholic Church as well.
这种怀疑不仅渗入俄国东正教,同时也渗入了天主教
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This is not just a uniquely Russian tale, as you can see.
如你所见,这并非俄国独有的
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Against the backdrop of Marx's thought pervading - not just Russian life but beginning to pervade Russian government-- against this backdrop, the idea of struggle, as in class struggle, is going to predominate.
马克思的思想不但席卷,俄国普通百姓的生活，并且开始影响俄国政府-,在这样的背景下，人们认为阶级斗争是历史发展的主要推动力。
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I am so sad this weekend--it was Russian intellectual history.
这周末我真的很伤心,当时我选了俄国思想史
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You have this bureaucracy that's--it's not really a bureaucracy, but you've got these royal officials representing the royal will, but the actual impact in this vast expanse of the Russian empire isn't that great.
拥有庞大的官僚机构,并非是真正的官僚,但这些皇亲贵戚的确代表了王室的意愿,而实际上,它对幅员辽阔的俄国产生的影响绝非那般重大
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But it came down to this theme that still is so important, and was already so important, which is, what is Russian that should be kept uniquely Russian and closed to outside influence?
但是归根结底,这牵扯到一个相当重要的主题,那就是俄国的哪些特质,该不受外界影响而保留下来
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