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The concept he calls a "signified" and the sound image he calls a "signifier."
事物被称为所指,声音形象被称为能指“
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But this of course, as we know, is only one of the ways in which Milton's power, or what Woolf thinks of as his leadership, can be thought of.
但我们知道，这不是看待,弥尔顿的力量，或者伍尔夫所指的他的领导力，的唯一方式。
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So that when he says that citizens are held together by ties of common affection he means something very specific.
所以当他们说到公民是由,共同感情的关系所团结在一起,他所指的是非常明确的东西。
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They are always say 32 bits or always 64 bits they do not vary in size based on what they're pointing at.
它们总是32位或者总是64位，它们的大小不会因它们所指的,内容不同而不同。
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They're not an account of the divine, which is what theology means,an account of the divine.
这些故事无关神性，和那些神学中所指的，对预言的阐述。
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So what is actually going to matter is how closely that electron can penetrate to the nucleus, and what I mean by penetrate to the nucleus is is there probability density a decent amount that's very close to the nucleus.
所以实际上有关系的是,电子可以穿越至原子核有多近,我所指的穿越至原子核是,这里有一定数量的概率密度,可以距离原子核非常近。
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Tools in Frost are tricky. You have to learn how to use them.
弗罗斯特所指的工具很狡猾，要去学会分析。
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So that what's new in Saussure's thinking about the relationship between signified and signifier is that the sign tied up in this relationship is both arbitrary and differential.
这就是索绪尔所贡献的了,能指和所指的关系,也就是符号的组成方式,是任意的，有差别的。
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Today we're going to come to what I would call the nitty-gritty of the course.
今天我们要开始,我所指的实质性课程了
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They don't appear to worship any god or goddess that you can see.
他们似乎不信奉你所指的神祇。
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What he says is those forward rates are what people think interest rates will be in the future and that's called the expectations theory of the term structure.
这里所指的远期利率就是人们预期的,未来利率,我们将这种理论称作,利率期限结构的预期理论
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But when they got there, there was hell to pay.
然而但凡兵锋所指之处皆是一片生灵涂炭
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Depending on what you call external and internal environment, this path that I'm tracing here, deep within your digestive system, is really directly connected to the outside world through both ends.
基于你们所谓的外环境和内环境,我在这里我所指的消化系统内部通路,它的两端确实与外界环境直接相通
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All we mean here is logically possible.
我这里所指的,都是指逻辑上的可能性
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In order to answer that question, which will decide Locke's fit with the libertarian view, we need to look closely at what legitimate government looks like for Locke, and we turn to that next time.
为了回答这个问题，即确定洛克到底是否自由主义盟友，我们得进一步研究洛克所指的合法政府是什么，下次再继续这个话题。
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But I think Socrates means more than that, more than simply he wishes to rely on the powers of private individual judgment.
但我认为苏格拉底所指更多，他不只是希望,依靠个人判断的能力而已。
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It refers to that period that Plato says in the letter looked like "a golden age, " when many things seemed possible."
也就是柏拉图在书信中所指,“事物充满无限可能的，黄金时期“
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He says: he signification "sign" has always been comprehended and determined, in its sense, as sign-of, signifier referring to a signified, signifier different from its signified.
他说，“符号“的意义“,总是被理解和决定的，在符号这个意义上，能指指向所指，能指与它的所指不同。
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That's what Gadamer means when he says "what is there."
这就是伽达默尔在说“存在“时的所指“
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He's referring to the Tyranny of the Thirty that existed after the Athenian defeat.
他所指的是三十暴君,成立于雅典兵败之后。
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And once again we, our ears,hear this aggregate of sound and then we say, "Oh,it's got that,that,that,that," and we extrapolate out of that information that it is this particular chord.
然后再来听到这样的声音的聚合，然后我们可以说，“哦，到了那里，那里，那里，那里”,然后我们能够推断出这就是我们所指的那个和弦。
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Only a third party in this case law is capable of judging adequately.
可以看管所有的事务，只有第三方,这里所指的是法律能够有充足的判断。
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the signified-signifier relationship, as I said, is arbitrary.
所指和能指的关系，就如我刚才说的，是任意的。
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Man has become the transcendental signified.
人类成了超验所指。
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I refer to his arguments for the naturalness of slavery.
我所指的论述,即奴役的自然演变。
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What does he mean by the all here? The Greeks?
但谁是这些人？他在这儿所指的“所有？
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Don't get hung up on what does the English word invisible mean, Let's just ask oursleves what notion of invisibility, if you'll use the word you know, between these three ways, what notion did Socrates' arguement turn on.
不要专注于,无形这个词到底是什么意思，我们就问问自己,无形这个概念，如果这个词可以，有这三种解读方法，苏格拉底所指的到底是哪个。
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We don't know precisely what Plato thought, but we are helped, at least, by a kind of intellectual autobiography that he wrote and that we still have, in what is " conventionally referred to as The Seventh Letter.
我们无法确切明了柏拉图的想法，但至少我们能透过,某种理智的自传找到线索,我们仍握有他亲笔所写的书信,即一般所指的，“第七书信。
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In other words, Freud, Sophocles, all of the other versions I have at my disposal, have equal merit as versions, but none of them is a transcendental signified, none of them is a blanket term, and none of them is the causal explanation or meaning of the myth.
换句话说，弗洛伊德，索福克勒斯，还有所有其它供我使用的版本，都用同样的优点，但它们中没有一个是超验所指，没有一个是概括性话语，没有一个是神话的随意解释或意义。
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I mean a blanket term, a guiding concept, a transcendental signified, something that explains the nature of the structure and something also, as Derrida says, which allows for limited free play within the structure; but at the same time the structure has this kind of boundary nature.
是一个概括性称呼，一个引领概念，一个超验所指，它解释了这个结构的内涵，正如德里达所说，它允许在结构内有限的自由游戏;,但同时这个结构也有限性。
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