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Conquest and exile were events that normally would spell the end of a particular ethnic national group, particularly in antiquity.
一般情况下，一个种族群体的结局,不外乎就是征服其他民族或被其他民族征服，然后被流放，特别是在古代。
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But that wouldn't have been sort of a normal, everyday way to talk about a stranger in the ancient world.
但即便在古代，对陌生人这么称呼也不并不常见。
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I better say something about oil in the ancient world, so that you get a grip on what's going on here.
我最好说一下油在古代世界的地位,以便你能明白为什么会出售芳香油
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He expressed his will that there be light, and there was light And that's very different from many Ancient Near Eastern cosmogonies in which there's always a sexual principal at work in creation.
他表达意愿希望有光，于是便有了光,这与古代近东的宇庙学解释有很大出入,在其中，创世过程中有性的因素。
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This role," he says, "was taught covertly by ancient writers. It was taught covertly by ancient writers," he says in chapter 18.
他说，这个角色是古代的作家们,秘密授予的，是古代的作家们,秘密授予的，他在第十八章中说。
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Hardy wants to use really old dialect words, when he can, and there's power in that. And this is a poem composed in 1915.
哈迪在他可以的时候总是想使用真正的古代方言，而在其中是有力量的，这是一首在1915年作的诗。
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This is not a class in ancient philosophy.
这不是在古代哲学课课堂上
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We can think about this in an evolutionary way, as I've alluded to a lot, but if you think about it from a completely Darwinian point of view, and you think about these food conditions where food would be scarce in ancient times.
我们可以从生物演化的角度来看这个问题,我已经提到过很多了,但是如果你完全从达尔文学说的角度思考,从食品条件想想,在古代,哪里可能出现食物短缺
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In the ancient world,actually,it would've sounded familiar, because there are other stories of other kinds of teachers who'd healed and exorcised demons and performed miracles.
然而在古代，则很耳熟，因为还有其他人，传授知识,治疗百姓，驱魔，创造奇迹的故事。
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So Roman slavery and the freedom of that was actually one way that a few people in the Ancient World recognized some kind of social mobility, which was very rare in the Roman Empire.
所以罗马奴隶制以及奴隶释放制,被古代部分人认为是,某种社会阶级流动，在罗马帝国很少见。
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There are of course, important ways in which Israel's use of the storm god motif diverges from that of other Ancient Near Eastern stories.
当然，犹太人对暴风之神主题的利用,和古代东方的故事，在很多方面有很大的不同。
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Would this have been permitted ? in any other city of the ancient world?
这种权利会被允许吗,在其它古代世界的城市中？
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The art of dream interpretation places a very important role in this story, And dream interpretation was a developed science, Particularly in Egypt, and the other parts of Mesopotamia, but the Egyptians were known in the ancient world as dream interpreters.
解梦术在这个故事中有非常重要的作用，解梦术当时是发达的科学，尤其在埃及和美索不达米亚其它地区，但是在埃及人在古代就是以解梦人而被人所知。
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So that suggests that the ancient Israelites didn't conceive of God As gendered or necessarily gendered.
也说明在古代以色列人构想中,上帝没有性别也不必有性别。
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This legendary birth story has important parallels in Ancient Near Eastern and other literature.
这个传奇的诞生也有对应的故事,在古代近东以及其他一些地区。
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In the Ancient Near East, destroyed cities tended to be leveled, and then a new city would just be built on top of the ruins, Tell Dor each one of those is called a tell These are mounds which represent the successive layers of destroyed and rebuilt cities.
在古代近东地区，被摧毁的城市一般较平坦，那么新城就可以建于废墟之上，这些土丘被称作“退尔“你们也许听过,这些就是小土丘,它们代表着一层层被摧毁又重建的城市。
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So if that was the reason they were included in the ancient world,it's not the reason they're still in now, because modern scholars don't believe the apostles actually wrote all of these texts in the New Testament.
如果那就是它们在古代被选上的原因,它不是现代人所认为的原因，因为现代学者认为,新约里的书并非全为使徒所写。
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Now, Ancient Near Eastern suzerainty models also speak repeatedly of the vassal's love for the suzerain.
现在，近东古代的领主契约模式,也重复出现在奴隶对领主的赞美中。
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This idea may be rooted in the Ancient Near Eastern political sphere in which sovereigns would single out vassals for the status of special property; and in fact the word used is a word we do find in Exodus.
这个观点也许根植在古代近东的政治氛围中,统治者会将纳贡者独立出来放在特有财产的地位上,并且实际上用在这里的词是我们在,出埃及记中的看到的词语。
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The first point worth noting about this, is that Aristotle did not simply assume slavery was natural, because it was practiced virtually everywhere in the ancient world.
第一点值得注意的是，亚里士多德并未,简单纯地假设奴役是自然的，只因奴役在古代的世界,四处可见。
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And in the ancient world, the reason for this was that this very small rectangle--;it's about 150 miles long and 70 miles wide, about the size of Rhode Island--this very small rectangle lies on the way to anywhere worth going in the Ancient Near East.
在古代，战争的原因是,这小块矩形，长150公里，宽70公里，与罗德岛大小相当，这小块矩形处于要道,这条路通向古代近东的任何地区。
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If you think about what ancient food gathering habits used to be like, you see things like this where people are out gathering food that is growing naturally, and you can think about what would-- what sort of conditions this would create and what kind of hardships it would create.
如果你想知道古代食物采集的习惯,请看这张图,人类都在野外采集自然生长的食物,你可以设想到,条件有多恶劣,生存有多艰难
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But,notice, that would look kind of familiar to you in the Ancient World.
不过注意，在古代你可能觉得熟悉。
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So it would sound familiar to you in the ancient world.
这在古代你会觉得很熟悉。
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