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However, on Friday we will use a different approach so we can talkabout bonding within atoms that have more than two atoms, molecules with more than two atoms.
但是，在周五我们,会用一种新的办法来讨论,不止两个原子的分子的成键。
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So, if we think about the second case here where we have c n minus, now we're talking about a molecule with a net charge of negative 1.
那么，如果我们考虑的是第二个例子,也就是氰离子，那么现在我们讨论的是一个净电荷量为负一的分子。
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Many labs around the world are interested in finding the molecules and the molecular components of this transduction machinery.
当今世界，有许多实验室热衷于,找出这一能量转换机制的,分子和分子构成。
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They often involve the generation of what are called 'second messenger' molecules which carry the signal further into the cell.
过程中通常会生成一种叫做,第二信使的分子,将信号更深入地传递至细胞内部
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He has this whole group of people out somewhere on the American frontier and they're a kind of a cult.
他描写了来自于美国边界某处的一群人,他们是一群狂热分子
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There are all kinds of things that it might be very useful ; for you to know as an inhabitant of Western civilization; and the New Testament,you might find out, would rank kind of down on the list of those kinds of things.
作为西方文明的一分子,有很多有用的东西可以学;,而新约，你会发现，与这些东西相比，排名比较靠后。
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We only have the one bond so the actual HF molecule is polar, it has a net dipole.
但HF中只有一根键,所以分子也是极性的而甲烷中有一个网状偶极。
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and as we all know radically turned to an opposite direction and the reason that it did.
正如我们所知道的，塔利班分子变成了一股更强大的势利。
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It might not be the way they initially imagined, but one of the things that's great about being our society, being talented students have been the gifts of creative imagination as well as critical thinking.
或许这办法并不像他们原本所想的，但他们有一点是很出色的,无论是作为社会一分子还是有才能的学生,那就是批判思维和富有创新的想象。
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You, the intelligentsia of the next generation, will be those that preserve this great treasure of Western culture and it is a great treasure of Western culture.
你们,未来一代的知识分子们,会成为这一西方文化中,灿烂瑰宝的保护者,它确实是西方文化中的灿烂瑰宝
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This is the framework in which the then most prominent intellectual in France writes an essay at the very peak of the student uprising, entitled "What is an Author?"
后来法国最杰出的知识分子,在学生起义时写过一篇名为“作者是什么？“的文章，其指导思想就是这个“
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That's one of the beauties of proteins as working molecules is that their structure can be changed by subtle means.
蛋白质作为一种生物活性分子,其优势之一是,能够通过精细的方法改变其结构
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And then linked to the glycerol instead of a third fatty acid chain is a water soluble molecule, like a salt.
但连到甘油上的第三个基团不是脂肪酸链,而是一种水溶性的分子,像盐一样
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So, we'll start by taking a look at constructive interference, and another way to explain this is just to say again, molecular orbitals are a linear combination of atomic orbitals.
我们先来看一看相长干涉，另外一个解释它的方法就是说，分子轨道是原子轨道的组合。
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But first, I just want to remind you when we're talking about molecular orbital theory, this is treating electrons as waves, so what we're actually able to do is either constructively or destructively combine atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals.
但首先，我要提醒你们,当我们讨论，分子轨道理论的时候，我们把电子看作是一种波,所以我们可以相长叠加,或者相消叠加这些原子轨道来组成分子轨道。
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From a technological perspective, antibodies are incredible tools because antibodies are molecules that are specifically designed to bind to a particular antigen or a particular chemical.
从技术角度上来说,抗体是一种令人难以置信的分子,它们被设计来,特异性地结合抗原,或者某种化学物质
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Botox is an injection of a molecule, or a complex molecule but a molecule, so in what ways would that be Biomedical Engineering?
肉毒杆菌素是一种注射用分子,或者说是一种复杂的分子,但它只是一种分子,它与生物医学工程有怎样的联系呢
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I mentioned a little bit that this membrane is not just lipid bilayer but there's also proteins that are inserted into the membrane.
我之前说过,这层膜不仅仅是一层脂质双分子层,而是有很多蛋白质嵌插在膜上的
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They're derived from a precursor called triacylglyceride, which is as glycerol molecule with three fatty acid chains dangling off of it.
它们来源于一种叫三酰甘油的前体,由甘油分子上连接了,三个脂肪酸链构成
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OK PROFESSOR: Valence electrons. OK, sometimes you're going to be asked to draw a molecular orbital diagram where you're asked to include all electrons, and sometimes it will specifically say only include valence electrons.
教授：价电子，有时候你画一幅分子轨道图,有时候要求你画出所有的电子，有时候特别要求,只包括价电子。
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It's also important, once we start talking about molecules, to have a way to represent them, and also to be able to look at a shorthand notation for a certain molecule and understand what the bond is.
还有很重要一点是，一旦我们开始讨论分子，我们需要有一种表示它们的方法，而且能够从中看出,某些分子的简化符号，并得知键的类型。
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So when we talk about formal charge, basically formal charge is the measure of the extent to which an individual atom within your molecule has either gained or lost an electron.
说到形式电荷，基本上形式电荷就是,单个原子在形成分子之后,是得到了电子还是失去了电子的一种量度。
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You'll learn a lot more about this if you take organic chemistry, but, In fact, you can then go on and make a bunch of other different kinds of very interesting molecules.
如果你选了有机化学课，你会对它有更多的了解，但是，实际上，你可以继续制造出一堆,其它不同类型的有意思的分子。
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now we're dealing with a lot of different atoms in the molecule, much more complicated than the initial case of the cyanide ion where we only had two.
现在我们要面对的分子中有很多不同的原子，比我们一开始只有两个,原子的氰离子复杂多了。
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It turns out that getting large molecules like this, particularly large charged molecules like nucleic acids, inside of cells is not so easy.
后来证实,将这样的大分子物质,尤其是像核酸这样带有大量电荷的分子,送入细胞不是一件容易的事
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But you need to be able to predict what kind of properties a certain atom's going to have within a molecule, whether you're talking about something, for example, that's very electronegative, or something that is not electronegative at all, it is going to make a difference in terms of thinking about how molecules are structured and also how they interact with other molecules.
但是你需要能够预言，什么性质,某个原子在分子中能够具有，无论你讨论的是哪一种情况，比如，它有很高的电负性，还是它根本没有电负性，都将会产生影响,对这个分子的结构,以及与其它分子相互作用的情况。
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So remember, that when we talked about Lewis structure, the organizing principle behind Lewis structures is the idea that within the molecule the atoms are going to arrange their valence electrons, such that each atom within the molecule has a complete octet or full outer shell.
记得，当我们讨论路易斯结构的时候，路易斯结构所遵循的组织原则是这样一种思路,那就是分子中的原子都倾向于,重新安排它们的价电子,使得分子有一个完整的,“八隅体“或者排满的外壳层。
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So if you're trying to make a more complicated organic molecule carbon-carbon bonds are one of the most difficult things to make in organic chemistry, and it turns out that c n minus is a very reactive molecule, so it's a good way, even though we'll go over some drawbacks in a second, it is a good way to make carbon-carbon bonds.
如果你要合成一个更复杂的有机分子,碳碳键是有机化学中,最难制造的键之一，而实际上氰离子是一种具有很高活性的分子，用它是一个好办法，尽管我们一会儿将看到它的一些缺点，但它的确是一个制造碳碳键的好方法。
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Now this behaves very differently in water because part of it is water soluble, this part is, it's a molecule that would like to dissolve in water and part of it is like oil, it doesn't want to dissolve in water.
它们在水中表现出十分不同性质,因为一部分是水溶性的,这一部分是,是一种可以溶于水的分子,而另一部分就像油,不会溶于水中
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It's called the G-protein coupled receptor because it's a receptor, like the one shown here, that's coupled to a special molecule called a G-protein.
之所以叫这个名字是因为这种受体,就像这里展示的一样,是与一种叫做G蛋白的特殊分子偶联的
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