在美国，吸烟是食管癌的主要元凶。
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of esophageal cancer in the United States.
包括：1、食管癌的形态定量学研究。
As follows: 1, Morphometry research of esophageal carcinoma.
手术治疗仍是高龄食管癌的首选治疗方式。
The surgical operation is the first treatment way for the elder patients with esophagus cancer.
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