在美国，吸烟是食管癌的主要元凶。
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of esophageal cancer in the United States.
包括：1、食管癌的形态定量学研究。
As follows: 1, Morphometry research of esophageal carcinoma.
研究中国人群饮食因素与食管癌的关联。
To investigate the relationship between dietary factors and esophageal neoplasm in China.
手术治疗仍是高龄食管癌的首选治疗方式。
The surgical operation is the first treatment way for the elder patients with esophagus cancer.
目的探讨综合治疗中段食管癌的临床方法。
Objective To approach the clinical method of complex therapy for midpiece esophagus cancer.
目的探讨直接数字成像对表浅食管癌的诊断价值。
Objective To study the value of direct digital radiography(DDR) in diagnosis of superficial esophageal carcinoma.
目的总结非经胸食管内翻剥脱治疗食管癌的体会。
Objective to summarize the experience in the treatment of esophageal carcinomas with esophagectomy without thoracotomy.
放射治疗在食管癌的治疗中占有相当重要的地位。
Radiotherapy is an important contributor to curative treatment of esophageal carcinoma.
目的分析低剂量化疗配合放疗治疗食管癌的疗效。
Objective To analyze the curative effect of esophageal carcinoma treated with low dose chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy.
目的探讨胸内中上段食管癌的外科手术治疗方法。
Objective To study the surgical therapeutic methods of upper-middle segmental esophageal cancer.
目的探讨后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌的临床疗效。
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of late course accelerated fractionation radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma.
结论：控制吸烟对于农村社区食管癌的防治有重要意义。
Conclusion: Giving up smoking will be useful for the prevention of esophageal cancer in rural community.
他们也该被警告吸烟的同时饮酒更会增加食管癌的风险。
They should also be warned that cigarette smoking works with the alcohol in a way that further increases the risk of esophageal cancer.
结论：端粒酶的原位检测对食管癌的早期诊断有一定意义。
Conclusions There is significance to detected telomerase activity in situ for the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer.
目的：探讨喀什地区食管癌的临床及内镜分析和流行特点。
Objective: To investigate the clinical, endoscopic: and epidemic character of esophageal carcinoma in Kashgar.
目的评价后程立体定向适形放疗加化疗治疗食管癌的疗效。
Objective: To evaluate the curative effect of late course stereotactic conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.
目的：探讨微探头超声内镜（MPS）对食管癌的诊断价值。
Objective: This study was aimed at asses the value of miniature probe scanner (MPS) in the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma.
对肺和食管癌的任何益处限于腺癌，它在非吸烟者中是最常见的。
Any benefit for lung and esophageal cancer was limited to adenocarcinomas, which are most commonly seen in nonsmokers.
目的观察低剂量放疗同步大剂量化疗治疗食管癌的疗效及毒性反应。
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of concurrent chemotherapy with low-dose radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma and its side effects.
D5S471和D5S592附近可能存在食管癌的候选抑癌基因。
There probably existed candidate tumor suppressor gene (s) around D5S592 and D5S471.
其多态性改变(核心片段重复数减少)与食管癌的易感性关系较密切。
There should be a closer correlation between the alteration of its polymorphism (reduction of core segment repetition number) and esophageal cancer susceptibility.
目的为了评价三切口及左胸两种术式治疗胸段食管癌的疗效及合理性。
Objective To evaluate the advantages of these two types of esophagectomy and select a reasonable operative mode for the cancer of thoracic esophagus.
如将男女结合起来，则发现血糖增高可增加口咽癌和食管癌的思维风险。
For men and women combined, higher glucose increased the risk of death from oropharyngeal and esophageal cancers.
目的探讨三维适形放射治疗（3DCRT）食管癌的疗效及放射治疗反应。
Objective To evaluate the results and side effects in three dimensional conformal radiation therapy(3DCRT) for esophageal carcinoma.
目的分析低剂量分次照射脾脏联合放射治疗食管癌的临床疗效和失败原因。
Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of low dose fractionated irradiation on spleen combined with radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer.
结果表明，应用放疗加化疗增敏的治疗方法，可以提高食管癌的治疗效果。
The results showed that the method of radiotherapy plus chemotherapy increase-sensitivity could improve therapeutic effect of esophageal cancer.
目的评价后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌的长期疗效及放射反应和并发症。
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of the accelerated fractionation boost at the last two weeks of the radiotherapy course for esophageal carcinoma .
目的：提高中上段食管癌的治疗效果，降低颈部食管胃吻合口瘘的发生率。
Objective: to improve the treatment effect of the middle and upper esophageal carcinoma, decrease the rate of anastomotic leakage.
但是，至今尚未发现食管癌的易感基因，食管上皮的癌变分子机理仍未明确。
However, the susceptibility gene (s) of esophageal cancer has not been identified so far.
环境中的硝酸盐暴露与婴儿高铁血红蛋白血症及食管癌的病因关联已为人们熟悉。
It is well known that the nitrate and nitrite from environment is causally related to infant methemoglobinemia and esophageal cancer.
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