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What place can it occupy in each type of discourse, what functions can it assume, and by obeying what rules?"
它可以在每种话语中占据什么样的位置，它在遵循什么原则的情况下可以有什么样的功能？“
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This question of determinism is as important in the discourse of literary theory as the question of skepticism.
在文学理论的话语中,决定论的问题和怀疑论的问题是同等重要的。
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She's making a strong a claim as is possible to make for her potential for rhetorical power.
她提出一个强有力的要求,因为这可能有助于她掌握话语权的潜力。
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A Freudian analysis, of course, is lying on a couch; does not see their therapist; their therapist is very nondirective.
在精神分析取向的心理治疗中，来访者躺在沙发上;,看不到他们的心理治疗师;,而心理治疗师也不会有任何暗示性的话语。
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Truth always creeps through all of our language it doesn't always but sometimes creeps through our language, doesn't it?
真相往往隐藏在我们所说的每一句话里,不是经常也是偶尔,隐藏在我们的话语中,不是吗
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And my own belief is when you are not in command ; when you are humble before the thing; frankly, only then, is anything of any interest is going to happen in the arts.
我的信念是，只有当你失去了话语权,当你在艺术作品前谦卑时;,坦率地讲，只有这时，你的作品中,才会有奇迹发生。
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Fast forward mid-semester when we talk about cryptography and scrambling information, we need the ability to express ourselves in words, not just numbers, and we have that already.
回想一下期中的时候，我们讨论过密码学,和一些不规则信息,我们需要话语来表达自己，而不是数字，其实我们已经有了。
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So that even a text like the Decalogue, which is represented as being the unmediated word of God, can appear in more than one version.
因此，即使像十诫这种被认为是,直接来自上帝的话语也可以以不止一种版本出现。
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If you don't believe me about this, maybe you will consider the words of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, one of the great readers of Plato's Republic.
如果你们不信，也许可以考虑,鲁索的话语，他是最重要的柏拉图《理想国》读者之一。
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Yeats once said that he wanted the natural words in the natural order, but he had a very highly cultured sense of what is natural, and his poetry is full of verbal archaism.
叶芝曾说他想让自然的话语,用自然的方式呈现，但对于,自然的定义他又将其高度文化化，他的诗歌有很多口语的古语表达。
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There is discourse, and to think about the field of texts is to think about something which is full of difference.
话语是存在的,与文本非常不同。
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I mean one way to describe this in a non-technical, non-Freudian way is, there are certain things about ourselves we'd rather not know.
用并不专业的非精神分析的话语来表述，就是我们并不想知道某些事情的存在。
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Foucault continues, Instead, these questions will be raised: "How, under what conditions, and in what forms can something like a subject appear in the order of discourse?
福柯继续说，取而代之的，这些问题会被问到：“哪种情况下，一个类似主题的东西会如何,以什么形式的话语顺序出现？
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Of course, we have no evidence of the Lady's rhetorical liberation.
当然我们也没有证据显示女士的话语自由。
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Speech is the way in which we appropriate, deploy and make use of language, and Saussure calls that "parole."
话语是我们使用语言，分配部署语言的结果，索绪尔叫它，个人语言“
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Aristotle is considered the "father of criticism," and yet he is also what Foucault would call a "founder of discursivity."
亚里士多德被认为是批判学之父“,但他是福柯承认的话语学奠基人“
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Now, saying "Good dog" is not something your dog has been built, pre-wired, to find pleasurable.
然而，在天生的情况下“,狗狗并不能从“好狗狗“的话语中，获得快乐。
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One of the reasons this understanding seems so problematic is the idea that we don't appeal to the authority of an author in making our mind about the nature of a given field of discourse.
这种理解之所以看起来有问题,一个原因就是我们不会为了弄清一个特定领域话语的本质,去诉求作者的权威。
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There are relevant and interesting fields of discourse and there are completely irrelevant fields of discourse, and some of these fields are on the sides of angelic discourse and some of these fields are on the side of the demonic.
有和话语相关的有趣的领域,也有完全不相关的领域，一些领域有如天使一般,而另一些则如恶魔。
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Towards the end of 11, we have summary statements.
在第11章末，我们能看到一些总结性话语。
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But they don't typically give feedback based on the syntax or grammaticality of what they say.
但他们通常不会根据儿童所说话语的语法,或者是否符合语法,来给予反馈
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It might be worth pausing over the variety of ways in which we can think of signs in language, all of which have to do with the way in which a given sign might be chosen to go into a speech sentence.
这也许值得尝试,为了理解语言和符号的关系，这一切都和符号怎样,被选择为一段话语的构成部分有关系。
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Needless to say, it's the central word in Derrida, which is nevertheless not classifiable or categorizable, and so for that reason we can't really say Derrida is specifically a literary theorist.
不用说，这个词对德里达来说至关重要，然而我们确实无法对话语进行分类，因此，我们恐怕不能称,德里达为文学理论家。
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The way in which we put signs together is to take these bundles, these binary relationships between a concept and a sound image, and adjust them in an unfolding sequence.
我们随意地将能指和所指捆在一起，也就是构成了一个事物和声音形象的关系，而且他们能被排列成话语。
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The lapse makes a certain kind of sense, I think, because it's virginity and not married chastity that the Lady imagines will allow her to demonstrate such a remarkable show of rhetorical strength.
我认为这一疏忽是有一定意义的，因为是女士想象的童贞,而并非婚姻贞节使得她,展现出如此强大的话语权。
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Now speech is what we do.
我们所说的话语。
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There's other disorders of language such as receptive aphasia where the person could speak very fluently but the words don't make any sense and they can't understand anybody else.
还有其他的语言障碍,诸如,接收性失语症,患有这种病的病人,语言流畅,但所讲话语没有任何意义,而他们也无法理解别人的话语
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Foucault couldn't possibly allow for that because plainly the whole texture of their discourse would be undermined by introducing the notion that it's okay to be a master, and yet Ricoeur feels that these figures dominate modern thought as masters.
福柯不会认同因为,这样的话他们话语的整个结构就会被破坏,如果引入可以作为大师的观点的话，同时,里克尔感觉这些人支配着现代大师的思想。
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This is speech.
这就是话语。
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Well, for instance, you could build machines that when babies suck on a pacifier they hear music or they hear language, and then you could look at how much they suck on the pacifier to determine what they like.
举例来说,你可以制造一个机器,每当婴儿吮吸奶嘴,他们就会听到音乐或是话语,然后你可通过观察婴儿有多喜欢吮吸奶嘴,来确定他们喜欢音乐还是话语
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