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So now that we have enough practice drawing Lewis structures let's talk about actually figuring out this formal charge.
那么现在我们已经做了足够多的画路易斯结构的练习,让我们来讨论一下如何得出形式电荷。
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What he does is he takes this archaic state structure in which literally nothing had been written down.
他激进而彻底的变革改变了俄国陈旧的国家结构,这种陈旧的国家结构没有任何文献资料
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When we talk about resonance structures, the key word is that the electrons are delocalized.
但我们讨论共振结构的时候，关键词应该是非局域化的电子。
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One of the structural elements that lends Areopagitica its curious power is a carefully crafted network of images that Milton has employed to structure the thing.
一个保持着《论出版自由》的奇妙力量的,结构上的重要因素是弥尔顿构架这本著作的,精心制作的网状的人物形象结构。
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That has a typical Bildungsroman structure, the structure of a story about a boy who goes out from his home and sort of becomes a man through his travels.
这里具备一个典型成长小说的框架，故事结构讲的是,一个背井离乡的男孩,在旅途中长大成人。
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Now what you're seeing here then is the beginning of complex data structures.
现在你们学习到的是复杂数据结构的,一个开始，好消息是他们之间有一个。
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You've irreversibly changed that substance because you've changed the structure of all the proteins inside.
蛋白质的结构发生不可逆的变化,因为蛋白质内部的全部结构都改变了
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Is the structure of a city ? identical to the structure of a soul?
城市的结构,等同灵魂的结构吗？
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Six-month-olds don't, and even 12-month-olds don't find anything weird about this, while adults are sophisticated enough to understand that that's an unstable configuration and should fall over.
六个月大的婴儿则不会这么想,即使是十二个月大的婴儿,也没有发现这个木块存在的异常,只有经历世事的成年人才会理解,这不是个稳定的结构,而这个结构是会倒塌的
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Again, to show you the difference, a different perspective, from a different point of view about the impact of this diet you can look at something like that.
我们再从另一个视角,来看看这种饮食结构的影响,你们可以看看这些对比
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I mean a blanket term, a guiding concept, a transcendental signified, something that explains the nature of the structure and something also, as Derrida says, which allows for limited free play within the structure; but at the same time the structure has this kind of boundary nature.
是一个概括性称呼，一个引领概念，一个超验所指，它解释了这个结构的内涵，正如德里达所说，它允许在结构内有限的自由游戏;,但同时这个结构也有限性。
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So the reality of the situation is that it's a combination between these 2 structures.
因此实际情况应该是,这两个结构的一种组合。
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Those are going to be the more stable or the lower energy structures.
这种结构应该是更稳定的,或者能量更低的结构。
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I've added the ability to have more complex data structures here. But I dropped a hint in the first lecture about what you could computer with things. In fact if you think for a second about that list, you could ask what can I compute with just that set of constructs?
我添加了使用更复杂的数据结构的能力,但是我在第一节课给大家了了一个,关于你可以用什么来做计算的暗示,实际上如果你思考,这个列表一会儿的话,你会问我可以用？
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This is resonance, this is a case of a resonance structure.
它是共振的，这是一个共振结构的情形。
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Aristotle is very sketchy here about the structure the institutional structure the make-up of the best regime acknowledging the best regime is one where the best men rule.
亚里士多德对于结构的描述,是概略的制度结构,最佳政体的构造,仅声明最佳政体,是由最优秀的人所统治。
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In fact, the majority of languages, more languages, are actually subject-object-verb languages.
事实上,大多数语言,更多的语言,都是主宾谓结构的语言
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Those are examples from syntax, but language has many structures.
这些例子都是从语法上来说的,但语言却是有很多结构的
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Now, according to Freud, most of this is unconscious.
根据弗洛伊德的理论，人格结构的大部分是无意识的。
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What you'll actually find in terms of asking your TAs about the Lewis structure rules is that sometimes they won't be as good at them as you are, and the reason is once you've drawn enough of these structures, you start to get a lot of chemical intuition about it just looks wrong to you if it's wrong.
其实如果大家去问助教,路易斯结构的规则是什么的话,你会发现他们有时候可能并不比你们记得更清楚，因为一旦你画过足够多的路易斯结构，你就会开始获得很多化学直觉,如果它是错的，那么对你来说它看起来就是错的。
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It's as if this celestial laser beam were designed so as to actually shift the atomic structure of the pure corporeal frame of the virgin's body until that body is so rarefied, so pure and ethereal, that it's nothing but soul.
这束天国的激光好像被设计成,去把处女纯净肉体的原子结构,变的纯化，纯粹和飘渺，那就是灵魂。
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So, in terms of finishing our Lewis structure, we're actually not done yet here, even though we have full octets, and we've used up all of our valence electrons, and the reason is because it's c n minus, so we need to make sure that that's reflected in our Lewis structure, so let's put it in brackets here, and put a minus 1.
那么，根据我们的路易斯结构的完成情况，我们实际上还没有全部完成，尽管我们有了填满的“八隅体“,而且用完了所有的价电子，原因就是因为这是一个负离子，我们需要确保我们的路易斯结构能反映出这一点，所以让我们给它加个括号，再加个负一。
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Now you can come to your own conclusions about whether that makes sense and we'll go over different dietary approaches as we go through subsequent classes If you compare ancient humans to what modern people eat, let's look at different constituents of the diet.
关于它是否合理,你们可以自己下结论,接下来让我们会,看看不同的饮食指南,让我们对比下古人和今人的饮食,首先是饮食结构的不同
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So, what I want to do is start off small, with the smallest interesting part of the brain and then get bigger and bigger and bigger talk about how the small part of the brain, the neurons, the basic building blocks of thought, combine to other mental structures and into different subparts of the brain and finally to the whole thing.
我将从细微入手,从大脑最细微的部分开始,然后逐步扩大,来谈谈大脑的基本单元,也就是神经元,也是思考的基本构造,是如何组成其他心理结构的,又是如何形成不同脑组织的,最终构建出了整个的大脑
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So it's really neat to think that your counterparts 100 years ago right here at MIT could have been sitting in a class where they had Lewis as their lecturer, and he's putting forth these ideas -- these are actually his lecture notes, even though it wasn't even published yet, and giving this idea of Lewis structure, which is exactly what we keep using today in order to make a lot of these predictions.
因此会有很棒的感觉，当想一想一百年以前像你们一样,在这上学的同学可能正坐在教室里,听路易斯讲课，而他正在提出这些想法-,-而这些正是他的课堂讲义，尽管当时还没有发表，但已经给出了路易斯结构的思想，这正是我们直到今天都一直在用的,用它来做很多预测。
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That's something about the physical chemistry of DNA, what it looks like, and how it behaves in the simple sense.
上面我们直观地讲解了DNA的理化特点,DNA的结构,以及它的功能
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We talked about the structure of DNA, how it works in terms of a physical chemical model of the DNA molecules.
上节课我们讲了DNA的结构,从理化模型的角度讲了,DNA分子是如何工作的
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What's the point? Again, you can have things that are syntactically legal but not semantically meaningful, and static semantics is going to be a way of helping us decide what expressions, what pieces of code, actually have real meaning to it. All right?
重点是什么？重申，你可以有东西在语义结构的逻辑上有意义,但是在语义上无意义，而static语义,将是一个帮助我们,决定哪些表达，哪部分的代码实际上，有意义的途径，好么？
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We don't need to really talk about all the molecular detail in order to completely describe a DNA or an RNA molecule because these structures repeat themselves.
我们在完整的描述一个DNA或RNA时,不需要说明,分子上的每一个细节,因为它们的结构都是重复的
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