So, they make their personal or dynastic rule absolute based on loyalty to them as individuals and not to the state as some sort of abstraction.

所以,君主将个人或者王朝的绝对统治,建立在［民众］对其统治家族的忠诚,而非国家这样的抽象概念上

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

They established a dynasty of Semitic rulers.

他们建立了闪族统治者掌管的王朝。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选