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But what the Greeks spent most of their time doing was fighting each other, one hoplite phalanx against another hoplite phalanx.
但是希腊人在大部分时间里都是方阵对抗,一个步兵方阵和另外一个步兵方阵对垒
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It's not like you go out and you start fighting people with just your body shield and you're happy there.
就是说,你不会一开始就跳出方阵,穿着胸甲四处砍人,而会待在方阵中间
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You would have made your phalanx as deep as you could, and once you had the width established. Yeah?
一旦你确定了方阵的宽度,你会将你的方阵布置得尽可能深,请讲
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You got seven guys behind you; that's not even an option and that's a very important aspect of the phalanx.
你后面有七个战友,这甚至没有选择,而这也是方阵非常重要的一个方面
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Of course, the Greeks only allowed men to fight in the phalanx, but we are much more elevated than that.
当然,希腊人的方阵中只允许男人参战,但我们比那时可开化多了
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So, I could ask any of you who have the courage to come forward and fight in my phalanx? Nobody?
所以,我斗胆请问,在座哪位有胆量上来,为我的方阵效力,没人吗
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The Greeks, as far as I know, did not allow anybody to be left handed in a phalanx; think about the problem.
希腊人,据我所知,在方阵里中不允许有左撇子,思考下这个问题
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This has been one of the major reasons for explaining the function of the phalanx as I will explain it to you.
而我下面所要解释的方阵的作用,也就是问题的答案
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Well, you got to realize that much of the time, until the phalanx breaks, there's not a lot of killing that can go on.
你要知道,在方阵被打乱前的大部分时间里,不会有太多的伤亡
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However, there's this great question of how far do the Greeks pursue in a hoplite battle?
但是,这里又有一个问题,希腊人在方阵战中会从战场追出多远呢
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You can only kill just a few people while they're still defending themselves in this manner.
在他们以方阵的方式防御时,你能击杀的人数是有限的
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So, the guys in the back turn and run, which is the only thing you can possibly do once you feel our phalanx is broken.
然后,后面的人转过身去,夺路而逃,当你感到方阵快要被打散时,你唯一可能做的就是逃跑
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A phalanx understood in this way only makes sense if you imagine very close order.
而只有在士兵们站得非常紧密的情况下,方阵才能有实战意义
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There's just one more thing you need to know about this phalanx mode of fighting.
关于这种方阵模式的战斗,还有一点需要你们知道
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Another possible explanation of the significance of depth is remember, our poor victim here.
方阵纵深的重要性的另一种可能解释,就是,记得刚才这位可怜的牺牲者吗
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You never really hear of Joe Blow who killed thirty-four guys in the phalanx.
你从没听说过,张三或者李四,在方阵中手刃三十四名敌人
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The guys who are famous are the generals who get credit for putting together a nice formation when it's not the simple one I've just given you.
出名的是指挥官,他们是因为能排出精妙的阵型,而不是我摆的这个简单方阵而闻名的
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And so the big issue is -- this is what you must never do, but this is what you got to do if your phalanx is broken.
所以现在的大问题是,这也许是你在战场上永远不能做的事,但你在方阵被打散时不得不这么干
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For a long, long time the general wisdom was there were not heavy casualties in hoplite battles -- people calculating on what I was just talking about.
长期以来的共识是,方阵战不会造成大规模的伤亡,人们相信这一点
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I'll say a little bit about that, when I get through with phalanx.
讲完方阵以后,我会稍微提一下
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So if you're fighting a non-hoplite infantry crowd, you're in great shape.
所以如果你和非方阵的步兵群战斗,你就能保持队形
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It's a core of heavily armed infantrymen in a solid block.
是以重型装甲步兵为核心组成的坚固方阵
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That means, you never want to be away from your phalanx.
这意味着你永远不希望离开方阵
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The style of warfare that emerges in this period, apparently for the first time, is what we call the hoplite phalanx and each half of that needs to be explained.
显然,这个时期第一次出现了,一种独特的战争形式,那就是重步兵方阵,我来给大家分别解释下这两个词
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So that is what we mean by the hoplite phalanx.
这就是我们所说的重步兵方阵的含义
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Most Greek states, just as they never moved beyond the hoplite style of fighting, never go beyond the oligarchical style of constitution which gives only hoplites political rights in the state.
大多数希腊城邦,从未超越过步兵方阵的作战方式,也从未超越过寡头统治的政体,只有在这样的政体下,步兵才有政治权利
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I'd like to think that's the ideal hoplite mode.
我认为这是理想的方阵战备方式
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I mean, isn't it somewhat inefficient to load it really deep, because I assume if a spear is only six feet long, what are people in the back going to be doing?
我觉得,过于厚实的方阵会影响效率,据我所知,长矛也就六尺来长,那站在方阵后方的战士都在干什么呢
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Anything else on the mechanics of our phalanx? Yes?
对我们这个方阵还有什么问题吗,请讲
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Not everybody gets to fight in the hoplite phalanx.
并不是谁都能在方阵中参与战斗的
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