Every polity seeks its own advantage against others, making relations between states a condition of unremitting war of all against all.
每一个政体都在追寻自身的利益,而非他者,国家间的联盟,是一种全面战争的条件,持续性的永恒对抗。
They throw heraldry, they throw every kind of vestige of Old World culture and monarchy and aristocracy and civilization.
他们抛掉了世代相传的家徽,抛掉一切来自旧文明,和旧君主政体的痕迹,抛掉了贵族政治和文明
Regimes or constitutions you might say are forms or formalities that determine how power is shared and distributed among citizens.
政体或宪法是一堆形式或形态,那决定了权力如何,共享与分配给其公民。
The remains and records of these strongholds make it clear that the political organization was an imitation of oriental monarchy.
这些堡垒的遗迹和记录表明,这个政治体制效法了东方君主政体
But,he viewed "hereditary monarchy" as the unique port of salvation- that's a very religious image--that could save France.
不过,他把"世袭君主政体",当作是唯一的避风港,那是很有宗教色彩的,它可以拯救法国
Politics only takes place within the context of the particular. It is only possible within the structure of the regime itself.
政治仅发生在,特别的脉络之内,而且仅可能,发生在政体本身的架构中。
We often hear today about shaping regimes ? or about changing regimes but what is a regime?
我们现在时常听到形塑政体,或是关于政体变更,但到底何谓政体?
But nevertheless Aristotle gives extraordinary importance and attention to the forms or formalities that make up a regime.
但亚里士多德确实特别强调,形式或形态,在构建政体上的重要性。
The political scientist he says must have a grasp of the best regime given the most favorable circumstances.
首先,政治科学家,必需要抓牢最佳政体,营造出最合意的情势;
There is no one-size-fits-all model of political life but good regimes may come in a variety of forms.
政治生活并没有大小通吃的模式,但好的政体,可能以各种形式存在。
Rather in many ways he provides reasoned arguments for the strengths and weaknesses of several different regime types.
相对地,在许多方面,他提供了理性的辩论,关于多种不同政体类型的优劣。
Underlying this cacophony of regimes is the "? question always which of these regimes is best?
潜藏在这些政体杂音之下的一个问题永远是,“这些政体中哪一种最优?
It would seem that far from utopia, the Republic represents a radical dystopia, a satire, in some sense, of the best polity.
这让《理想国》看起来远不像是乌托邦,反像是极端的反乌托邦,从某些层面看来像是在讽刺所谓最佳政体。
The matter the substance the material basis of a regime concerns its citizen body.
本质,政体的物质基础,是其公民本体最关心的。
Note that in the opening pages of the book, Aristotle doesn't say anything yet about what kind of city or regime is best.
注意在书一开始的前几页,亚里士多德并未谈到,任何有关最佳城市或政体的言论。
The citizen may accept certain beliefs on faith because he or she is attached to a particular kind of political order or regime.
公民也许会接受特定信仰中的信念,因为他与特定的政治层级,或政体有关连。
Anyway,but that wasn't going to happen because most people in France ultimately did not want a monarchy.
不管它,但这件事不会发生,因为最终大多数法国人不想要君主政体
Plato here seems to agree with Winston Churchill that democracy is the worst regime except for all the others.
柏拉图似乎与丘吉尔意味相投,认为民主若没有相较于其它的政体,将是最糟的一种。
The polity is the regime that represents for Aristotle a mixture of the principles of oligarchy and democracy.
政体对亚里士多德而言,即是代表,寡头与民主原则混合的政权。
We can begin to see it is clear how Aristotle's best regime differs from Plato's intransigent demand for the rule of philosopher-kings.
我们可以开始清楚地发现,亚里士多德的最佳政体,如何有别于柏拉图,对哲学家国王统治的不妥协要求。
From the time they formed their republics until they were conquered by alien empires, the Greeks also rejected monarchy of any kind.
无论是在城邦共和国时期,还是在异国征服时期,希腊人一直排斥任何形式的君主政体
The point he's trying to make is there are several kinds of regimes and therefore several kinds of citizenship appropriate to them.
他试图讲述的论点是有数种,政体的存在,所以也有数种,适合它们的公民社会。
So the study of regime politics is in part a study of the distinctive national character types that constitutes a citizen body.
所以政体政治研究就如同,独特的民族性格类型研究,那组成了一个公民主体。
But a regime is more than simply okay? a set of formal structures and institutions okay?
但政体不仅是,一组形式上的架构或机构?
Every polity of which we know is based upon a distinction between the rulers and the ruled.
每一个我们所知的政体,都是根据,统治者与被统治者的区分而定。
His answer is the regime; the regime is what gives a people and a city its identity.
他的答案是政体,政体,赋予人民及城市所认同的身份。
Will the best regime be a small closed society ? that through generations has made a supreme sacrifice towards self-perfection? Think of that.
最优的政体会是一个小型封闭的社会吗,经过多代之后,已壮烈地牺牲于自我完善之中,想想这个问题。
In the best regime if we were to inhabit such political philosophy would be unnecessary or redundant. It would wither away.
如果我们身处最优政体之中,压根不需要政治哲学,其亦显得累赘,而会逐渐消逝。
This is the kind of political skill and wisdom again possessed of the founders of cities the legislative founders of regimes.
这一种政治技能及智慧,由创城者,政体立法创建者们所拥有的特质。
Every regime will produce a distinctive kind of individual, and this individual will come to embody the dominant character traits of the particular regime.
每种政体都会催化,一种非常独特的个体,而此个体将会回过来,体现政体的显性特征。
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