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Every polity seeks its own advantage against others, making relations between states a condition of unremitting war of all against all.
每一个政体都在追寻自身的利益,而非他者，国家间的联盟,是一种全面战争的条件，持续性的永恒对抗。
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They throw heraldry, they throw every kind of vestige of Old World culture and monarchy and aristocracy and civilization.
他们抛掉了世代相传的家徽,抛掉一切来自旧文明,和旧君主政体的痕迹,抛掉了贵族政治和文明
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Regimes or constitutions you might say are forms or formalities that determine how power is shared and distributed among citizens.
政体或宪法是一堆形式或形态,那决定了权力如何,共享与分配给其公民。
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The remains and records of these strongholds make it clear that the political organization was an imitation of oriental monarchy.
这些堡垒的遗迹和记录表明,这个政治体制效法了东方君主政体
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But,he viewed "hereditary monarchy" as the unique port of salvation- that's a very religious image--that could save France.
不过,他把"世袭君主政体",当作是唯一的避风港,那是很有宗教色彩的,它可以拯救法国
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Politics only takes place within the context of the particular. It is only possible within the structure of the regime itself.
政治仅发生在,特别的脉络之内，而且仅可能,发生在政体本身的架构中。
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We often hear today about shaping regimes ? or about changing regimes but what is a regime?
我们现在时常听到形塑政体,或是关于政体变更，但到底何谓政体？
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But nevertheless Aristotle gives extraordinary importance and attention to the forms or formalities that make up a regime.
但亚里士多德确实特别强调,形式或形态,在构建政体上的重要性。
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The political scientist he says must have a grasp of the best regime given the most favorable circumstances.
首先，政治科学家,必需要抓牢最佳政体,营造出最合意的情势；
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There is no one-size-fits-all model of political life but good regimes may come in a variety of forms.
政治生活并没有大小通吃的模式,但好的政体,可能以各种形式存在。
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Rather in many ways he provides reasoned arguments for the strengths and weaknesses of several different regime types.
相对地，在许多方面,他提供了理性的辩论,关于多种不同政体类型的优劣。
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Underlying this cacophony of regimes is the "? question always which of these regimes is best?
潜藏在这些政体杂音之下的一个问题永远是,“这些政体中哪一种最优？
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It would seem that far from utopia, the Republic represents a radical dystopia, a satire, in some sense, of the best polity.
这让《理想国》看起来远不像是乌托邦，反像是极端的反乌托邦，从某些层面看来像是在讽刺所谓最佳政体。
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The matter the substance the material basis of a regime concerns its citizen body.
本质，政体的物质基础,是其公民本体最关心的。
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Note that in the opening pages of the book, Aristotle doesn't say anything yet about what kind of city or regime is best.
注意在书一开始的前几页，亚里士多德并未谈到,任何有关最佳城市或政体的言论。
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The citizen may accept certain beliefs on faith because he or she is attached to a particular kind of political order or regime.
公民也许会接受特定信仰中的信念,因为他与特定的政治层级,或政体有关连。
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Anyway,but that wasn't going to happen because most people in France ultimately did not want a monarchy.
不管它,但这件事不会发生,因为最终大多数法国人不想要君主政体
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Plato here seems to agree with Winston Churchill that democracy is the worst regime except for all the others.
柏拉图似乎与丘吉尔意味相投,认为民主若没有相较于其它的政体,将是最糟的一种。
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The polity is the regime that represents for Aristotle a mixture of the principles of oligarchy and democracy.
政体对亚里士多德而言,即是代表,寡头与民主原则混合的政权。
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We can begin to see it is clear how Aristotle's best regime differs from Plato's intransigent demand for the rule of philosopher-kings.
我们可以开始清楚地发现,亚里士多德的最佳政体,如何有别于柏拉图,对哲学家国王统治的不妥协要求。
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From the time they formed their republics until they were conquered by alien empires, the Greeks also rejected monarchy of any kind.
无论是在城邦共和国时期,还是在异国征服时期,希腊人一直排斥任何形式的君主政体
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The point he's trying to make is there are several kinds of regimes and therefore several kinds of citizenship appropriate to them.
他试图讲述的论点是有数种,政体的存在，所以也有数种,适合它们的公民社会。
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So the study of regime politics is in part a study of the distinctive national character types that constitutes a citizen body.
所以政体政治研究就如同,独特的民族性格类型研究,那组成了一个公民主体。
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But a regime is more than simply okay? a set of formal structures and institutions okay?
但政体不仅是,一组形式上的架构或机构？
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Every polity of which we know is based upon a distinction between the rulers and the ruled.
每一个我们所知的政体,都是根据,统治者与被统治者的区分而定。
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His answer is the regime; the regime is what gives a people and a city its identity.
他的答案是政体，政体,赋予人民及城市所认同的身份。
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Will the best regime be a small closed society ? that through generations has made a supreme sacrifice towards self-perfection? Think of that.
最优的政体会是一个小型封闭的社会吗,经过多代之后，已壮烈地牺牲于自我完善之中,想想这个问题。
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In the best regime if we were to inhabit such political philosophy would be unnecessary or redundant. It would wither away.
如果我们身处最优政体之中,压根不需要政治哲学,其亦显得累赘，而会逐渐消逝。
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This is the kind of political skill and wisdom again possessed of the founders of cities the legislative founders of regimes.
这一种政治技能及智慧,由创城者,政体立法创建者们所拥有的特质。
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Every regime will produce a distinctive kind of individual, and this individual will come to embody the dominant character traits of the particular regime.
每种政体都会催化,一种非常独特的个体，而此个体将会回过来,体现政体的显性特征。
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