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They have found really no evidence of extensive conquest and destruction in thirteenth and twelfth century archaeological layers.
他们并没有找到大规模占领的证据,十三世纪摧毁和十二世纪考古层的证据。
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We have got an extensive subway system and an extensive bus system that we have had for 60, 70 years.
我们有大规模的地铁系统和巴士系统，它们已经有差不多六七十年的历史了。
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Now, you know, because we talked about cell culture already, that a great--that we talked about last week, manufacturing of cells.
你知道,因为我们已经讲过细胞培养,我们上周讲过的,细胞的大规模制造
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We could really I think make large scale of extreme poverty the thing in the past.
我认为，我们一定会让大规模,极度贫困成为往事。
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Archaeologists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were stunned to find the ruins and the records of remarkable peoples and cultures--massive, complex empires in some cases, but some of which had completely disappeared from human memory.
十九和二十世纪的考古学家们,震惊地发现了,古代伟大名族和文化的遗迹，有些还是大规模，复杂的帝国遗迹,但也有一些就完全从人类记忆中消失了。
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Well, they still do massively, although a little bit less than they used to.
虽然相对以前有所减少,但他们仍旧大规模的按照既往行事
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For a long, long time the general wisdom was there were not heavy casualties in hoplite battles -- people calculating on what I was just talking about.
长期以来的共识是,方阵战不会造成大规模的伤亡,人们相信这一点
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You can take a problem that might be relatively intuitive to solve but when you scale this thing up as is increasingly the case in the web, in large data systems, and so forth, you actually have to now think smart, you actually have to think efficiently and you have to solve this problem effectively.
你可以把一个问题用比较直观的方法解决,但如果你把此类问题的数量增大,正如越来越多的互联网，和大规模数据系统中出现的问题等等,你应该考虑怎样才能更简便，怎样才能更高效,你应该用行之有效的方法处理问题。
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So, these rulers have a coercive ability in creating, and I'll come back to this, large standing armies that will be arriving not immediately, they're not arriving by train or being helicoptered in at some distant command, but they will get there if there's trouble.
这些统治者们以铁腕构建极权,稍后我会谈到这一点,一只大规模的军队,在当时很难进行远程调度,因为他们没法坐火车或者搭直升机立刻赶到,但他们最终会到达事发处
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They weren't very successful in growing it in huge amounts, but that short stapled cotton that eventually was the form of cotton that the cotton gin made into such a massive, marketable world product, is what made the cotton boom boom.
岛上的居民想大规模种植但没有成功,因而海岛棉,这种粗绒棉,逐渐成为了棉花产业的主流,轧棉机的发明成为了种可大量生产,且有利可图的产品,也因而棉花产业越来越兴盛
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So it was a major change in human evolution where people started raising animals in large groups or started growing plants in large amounts.
这在人来演化史上是个巨大的变革,人类开始大规模饲养动物,或是大量种植农作物
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We have massive contraction of credit formation.
我们对信用形成大规模收缩。
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in order to be able to distribute it on a mass scale. You needed a company of, with a lot of capital,
为了能够大规模发行。你需要一个有很多资金的公司，
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There are nonetheless a few details from the classical underworld that he seems to have lifted more or less wholesale and one of them - I'm going to ask you to look at page 246 in the Hughes.
然而弥尔顿书中还是有一些描写传统地狱的小细节,他似乎多多少少大规模地盗用了那些细节,我想让你们看《力士参孙》一书的246页。
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You can't just start mass producing these drugs without paying a licensing fee."
你们不能就这样大规模生产,却不付任何专利费“
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We thought there were weapons of mass destruction.
我们以为那儿有大规模杀伤性武器。
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This was developed by Mahzarin Banaji who used to be at Yale and now is in an inferior university in Boston and it's called implicit attitudes test and it's the biggest psychology experiment ever done in terms of people.
这是Mahzarin，Banaji研究出来的，他以前在耶鲁任教,现在在波士顿一间大学任教,这个叫内隐态度测试,这是有史以来最大规模的一个心理实验,从人数上来讲的话。
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We want to talk about that same concept today in terms of polio, which is a vaccine that is both made and manufactured in a different way than the smallpox vaccine.
今天我们以小儿麻痹症为例继续讨论疫苗,脊髓灰质炎疫苗的研制与,大规模生产方式同天花疫苗截然不同
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It doesn't work so easily to share with those people along the lines that these communities--I think these communes tend to emphasize a social compact, a feeling for each other, a caring for each other, which is a lovely thought but it doesn't achieve risk management on a big scale.
但要实现跟满足这些条件的人分摊风险,绝非易事,这些共同体。。。我指这些公社,倾向于强调一种社会凝聚力，一种人与人的深情和关怀，这个想法听上去很美,但无法实现大规模有成效的风险管理。
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And archaeology supports this picture of merging of peoples, a picture of the merging of peoples, rather than conquest or even large-scale immigration, because the new settlements in this period show such continuity with the past, not a complete break, not the initiation of something radically new.
考古学肯定了民族的融合，多个民族相融合的图景，而不是征服或者是大规模的移民，因为这一时期新的定居表明,与过去的连续继承，而不是完全的断裂，不是完全的新的开始。
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Of course, with large-scale industrialization, which begins in the middle of the eighteenth century, you'll see this dramatic shift up to the north.
当然,随着大规模的工业化,在十八世纪中期的兴起,你会发现北方的戏剧性转变
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And so in the 1940s, a group of people led by Collier started to develop a large scale production method for making a reliable source of vaccinia virus.
在二十世纪四十年代,科利尔带领一群人开始研究,一种大规模的生产方法,这种方法能制得牛痘病毒的可靠来源
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Just has indicates the New deal, the new deal, most of the key people in new deal were for big government intervention, long before there was a stock market crash.
就像新政所证明的一样，大多数起草新政的关键人物,都赞成大规模政府监管，早在股票市场崩盘之前他们就这样想了。
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But it's by far the largest study on women.
这是到目前为止最大规模的对女性的研究
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So the government intervene on a massive scale.
所以政府进行了大规模的干预。
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So I propose this as a new algorithm for sorting N elements and being 8 in this case or really a thousand in the case of the phonebook, or anything of larger size.
所以我提出一种新的算法，来解决N个元素的排序问题,在这个问题中N是8，在电话簿的问题中N是一千,或者是大规模的任何问题。
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Then, also emphasizing in the case of smallpox, how even after the scientific discovery was made, it took many, many decades for people to be able to produce the vaccine in large enough quantities and distribute it, so that you could think about making an impact on global prevalence of the disease.
同时重点就天花疫苗的发展展开了讨论,而即便当科学发现了天花病毒,仍然过了许多年,人类才能够,大规模生产并使用天花疫苗,由此你们可以了解到,在全球范围内,疫苗给天花以致命一击
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First of all, corpses and certain carcasses at are a source of ritual impurity: sara'at, which is this--we translate it "scale disease," it's been called leprosy. It's definitely not leprosy.
首先是尸体和一些动物的尸体,它们是仪式上不洁的一个来源，sara’,这个词我们翻译过来是“一种大规模的传染病“,也就是麻风病，事实上它并不是麻风病。
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s not going in the future.-We are not going to get out of that, out of a lot of massive contraction. And massive contraction might cause some operations to perish. I knew some Anderson partners who were honest decent people who suffered terribly.
而且没有未来，-大规模缩减，And，it’,对我们来说没什么用处,而且会造成一些,行动的失败，我知道一些,诚实正直的安德森合伙人,损失惨重。
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