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Instead of having a central bank we decided that there would be a list of banks called the National Banks.
与拥有一个中央银行不同的是,我们决定将很多银行归到,国家银行的行列中。
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That is, it tends to be bigger and that is because less developed countries have less developed securities, regulation and laws, and traditions.
也可以说,银行体系势必会更加庞大,因为欠发达国家,没有完善的证券系统,法律法规和历史经验
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Yes, the crisis started here in the United States, though it wasn't a crisis whose origins or entirely limited to US banks, but it's all over it. -right.
对，这场危机是在美国开始的，尽管危机的源头,或者说危机并不仅限于美国银行，但是和我们国家有很大关系，-对。
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There was sort of an economic takeoff in the 1850s and '60s in Paris because the State banks are in Paris, the State financial institutions are in Paris, and they can make or break investment in all these places.
在十九世纪五十至六十年代的巴黎,有了一次经济的腾飞,因为国家银行设在了巴黎,国家金融机构在巴黎,这些机构可以设立或取消全国的投资
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What I want to do is talk about what the Fed in this country is doing and what other central banks are doing.
我想谈论一下,这个国家的联邦政府正在做什么,并且其它的中央银行正在做什么。
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It was something like a central bank but it was different essentially in that the National Banks really didn't have authority to run monetary policy.
它像是个中央银行,但是在本质上不同,因为国家银行真的,没有什么权力运行货币政策。
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The National Banks would be required to help bail out any bank that was failing.
国家银行将保释,那些即将倒闭的银行。
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It's different in other countries; in Europe, they've had universal banking, which allowed banks to offer insurance for a much longer time but in the U.S.
这与其他国家是不同的,在欧洲,那里有综合银行,它们提供保险服务已经有很长一段时日了,但是在美国
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All of these banks are really in control of short-term interest rates and these interest rates are used to try to manage and stabilize the economy.
所有国家的中央银行都可以,控制短期利率,通过控制短期率达到,管理和稳定经济的作用
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That's because it replaced central banks of the member countries of the European Union.
这是因为它代替了,欧盟成员国家的中央银行。
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The Federal Reserve System that was created in 1913 was different in that it was independent or much more independent than central banks in other countries.
913年建立的,联邦储备金系统是不同的,因为它独立，或者说比,其他国家的中央银行独立得多。
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Instead of setting up a central bank in the United States as was done commonly in other countries the United States instead created twelve banks; they're the twelve Federal Reserve Banks.
与在很多国家设立中央银行,不同的是,在美国,建立了十二个银行；,它们是十二个联邦储备金银行。
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Once the rumor got started that Asia was in trouble, these people started withdrawing their money faster and faster and it caused failures of domestic banks in these countries.
一时间流言四起,亚洲陷入困境,资金加速流出,这些国家的本土银行纷纷倒闭
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Other countries had set up central banks following on the Bank of England but the U.S. didn't set up a central bank; it set up a system of twelve banks and they were regional.
其他国家依照英格兰银行,建立了自己的中央银行,但是美国没有设立自己的中央银行；,美国建立了十二个银行的系统,并且这些银行是区域性的。
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What the term auction facility it was also created in connection in collaboration with the Bank of Canada the Bank of England the European Central Bank and the Swiss National Bank.
货币短期拍卖,同时也是联系着,与加拿大银行，英格兰银行,欧洲中央银行，和瑞士国家银行。
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Now, banking has a --it's important to know that banking is bigger in developing countries -I'll say LDCs, less developed countries -than in developed countries.
如今,银行有着...大家一定要了解,在发展中国家,银行规模更加庞大,...应该是在LDCS,即欠发达国家,这是相对于发达国家来说的
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