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So, what we would expect is that there is a relationship between intensity in kinetic energy because it was understood that however intense the light was, if you had a more intense light, it was a higher energy light beam.
光强和能量之间,应该有一定的关系,因为在我们的理解中,不管光强是多少，光的强度越大,光束能量越高。
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There's a big one, Lucas Film, Lucas Arts, Industrial Light Magic,
有一家很大的公司，包括卢卡斯影业、卢卡斯艺术有限公司和工业光魔公司，
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I'm sure there's some upper limit as there are to most things, like if we think of wavelengths and different types of light, there is so large that you can get, but you would be approaching that level.
我确信对于大多数事物,都会有一个上限，就像我们考虑波长和不同的光时，那个太大了，但是你可以接近那个量级。
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And that moment when Sal meets Dean at the door, and he's naked; it's reflected when he sees Dean with Camille.
当Sal在门口见到迪恩时，他光着身子;,这也发生在他见到迪恩和卡米尔在一起时。
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The problem is, if your brokerage firm fails you could lose a lot; you could lose your cash account and your security account.
可问题是,一旦经纪公司破产,你可能损失惨重,赔光你现金账户和证券账户上所有的资金
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If de Broglie is correct, let's irradiate the nickel crystal with a beam of electrons where the wavelength of the beam of electrons is identical to the wavelength of the x-rays that were used and see what we get.
如果德·布罗意是正确的，那么镍晶体放出,电子光束,电子束的波长,和原来讲过的X光的波长是相等的,再看看得到了什么。
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The next thing that they wanted to look at was the actual intensity of the light and see what the relationship of intensity to kinetic energy is.
下一而他们要研究的是光的强度,看一下光强和能量之间的,关系是怎样的，我们预期。
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So, we'll take a little bit of a step back after we introduce quantum mechanics, and talk about light as a wave, and the characteristic of waves, and then light as a particle. And one example of this is in the photoelectric effect.
等我们介绍完量子力学后,我们要回过头来讨论下光,作为一种波和它的波动性特征,以及光作为一种粒子,其中的一个粒子就是光电效应。
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And what de Broglie said is well, if it's true that light, which has a wavelength can have momentum, then it must also be true that matter, which has momentum, also has a wavelength.
德布罗意说的是，如果光具有波长和动量是对的,那么物质具有动量和波长,也一定是对的。
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So that's the important take-away message from this slide. If we think about these different types of lights, microwave light, if it's absorbed by a molecule, is a sufficient amount of frequency and energy to get those molecules to rotate. That, of course, generates heat, so that's how your microwaves work.
重要的信息，如果我们看看,这些不同种类的光，微波,如果被分子吸收，它的频率和能量可以,使分子转动,这当然的，会产生热量,这就是你们微波炉的工作原理。
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So, one thing they did, because it was so easy to measure kinetic energy of electrons, is plot the frequency of the light against the kinetic energy of the electron that's coming off here. And in your notes and on these slides here, just for your reference, I'm just pointing out what's going to be predicted from classical physics.
他们做的其中一件事,因为测量电子动能是很容易的，就是画出光的频率,和出射电子动能之间的关系,在讲义的这里，仅仅是,为了做个比较，我要指出，经典物理所给出的预测,这个不作为对你们的要求。
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So up to this point, before it was really established that yes, light is like a particle sometimes, there was this very strong distinction between what is light and what is matter.
所以关于这个观点，在它被真正确立之前，光有时候像粒子，在什么是光和什么是物质之间,有一个非常巨大的区别。
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These unseen lights which shone through them upon your faith were reflections of American efforts to live up to an idea. Those characters could have been no other than products of American tradition.
作为美国式理想的产物,这些难以绘状的光,其实就象征着,你们为了理想,去拼搏和开拓。
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And this is what they had expected that there would be no relationship, but instead here they saw that there was a linear relationship not to the intensity and the kinetic energy of the electrons, but to the intensity and the number of electrons.
另外一个实验,他们预期这两者没有关系,但他们看到的不是,光强和电子动能的,线性关系，而是光强,和电子数的线性关系。
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And what you see when we see it with our eye, which is all the wavelengths, of course, mixed together, is whichever those wavelengths is most intense. So, when we looked at the individual neon lines, it was the orange colors that was most intense, which is why we were seeing kind of a general orange glow with the neon, which is different from what we see with the hydrogen.
当你们用眼睛看时，当然看到的是全波长，是混在一起来，看到的是最强的那些波长，当我们看单个氖谱线时，橙色是最强的,所以我们看氖光整体是橙色的,这和氢气是不一样的。
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And what we predict as an energy difference between two levels, we know should correspond to the energy of light that's either emitted, if we're giving off a photon, or that's absorbed if we're going to take on a photon and jump from a lower to a higher energy level.
我们预测，两个能级之间的能量差，我们知道，它要么和发出的光有关,如果它发出光子的话，要么它吸收光子,从低能级跃迁到，更高能级上去。
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So, for example, here we're showing rubidium and potassium and sodium plotted where we're plotting the frequency -- that's the frequency of that light that's coming into the metal versus the kinetic energy of the electron that's ejected from the surface of the metal.
让大家看来都是可以理解的事情,就是把不同金属的观测结果,画到一张图里面来，例如这里,我们展示的是钠，钾,铷的频率-这是照射金属的光的频率,和金属表面出射电子动能的关系。
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Shiller and Siegel are next to each other in the alphabet, so I was standing in line with him for an x-ray and I got to talking with him and I've known him ever since.
希勒和西格尔按字母顺序是相邻的,所以我和他站在一起排队照X光,我们开始聊天,从此我就认识他了
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