One kind of response is called the innate response and innate means that it's present from the beginning.

其中之一称为先天性免疫反应,先天的意思是生来就有的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In fact, the people who have been most important in understanding how the innate immune system works are people here at Yale.

事实上 在研究先天免疫系统,反应机理中,最重要的科学家就在耶鲁

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But innate responses are there from the very beginning and they can fight foreign--against foreign pathogens immediately.

但是先天免疫反应与生俱来,可以迅速同外源病原体展开斗争

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, that's the innate response.

所以 这就是先天免疫反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选