We start at p1, V1. and p external is equal to zero.

从状态开始，外部压强为零。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Now,looking at the situation from the outside, Shelly Kagan we might be unable to tell which one is really Shelly Kagan.

现在，从外部看一下这个情形，我们也许无法说出谁才是。

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Maybe they emerged from within, rather than being established by peoples immigrating from without.

也许他们是从内部崛起的，而不是由从外部迁徙而至的人建立。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

So the influx of ions from the outside of the cell to the inside of And you can think of ion channels as being gated, by gated it means the gate can be closed and no ions are going through, as in this case here.

下面以离子从细胞外部流入内部,你可以把离子通道想象成是有闸门的，也就是说闸门可以关上,这时没有离子能通过，就像这种情况。

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p We want p equal to p external for the entire expansion, p2 and p external is decreased steadily from p1 to p2.

在膨胀过程中保持p等于外部，外部p很快从p1衰减到。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

You have escaping slaves from Egypt. And remember, we do have some evidence of destruction from outside, so there could also have been some foreigners coming in and destroying and settling. It even seems that some local foreigners were admitted to the community.

有从埃及出逃的奴隶，记住，我们有外部摧毁的证据，因此肯定有过一些外国人进入,他们摧毁又定居，甚至仿佛是,一些当地的外国人被该团体所接纳。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

All you have to do is picture it from the outside.

只要从外部客观想象就好了。

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Because we won't be able to tell,looking at it from the outside, which one really has Shelly Kagan's soul.

因为我们无法从外部判断，哪个人持有Shelly，Kagan的灵魂。

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So, the work for this process is the integral, pdv or minus the integral, V1, V2, p dV.

此过程中的做功等于负的积分，从v1到v2，外部。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选