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So, should we conclude, as dualists, that smiles are these extra nonphysical things that have a special intimate relationship with bodies?
那么,我们是否该像二元论者一样宣称,笑是某种与肉体有着某种,特殊紧密联系的非物质呢
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But dualism doesn't so much offer the explanation typically as just say, "Well, maybe we'd be better off positing something immaterial."
但是二元论还没有给出,这样的解释,也许我们假设非物质的存在会好一些
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A lot rests on it, but as Crick points out; the scientific consensus now is that dualism is wrong.
很多人都信奉它,但正如克里克所指出的,如今的科学共识认为二元论是错误的
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It is a declaration of absolute interdependency among the things that we understand in binary terms but that we take somehow one to be causative of the other when we think about them.
这是在宣布事物之间的绝对的相互性,我们能在二元关系上理解这些事,但是我们惯常于把一个是当成另一个的原因。
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Just as a 2-list, or a list of 2 elements.
来表示它们，就想一个二元数组。
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So, the personality theory of personal identity can be accepted by physicalists, and it can be accepted by dualists.
因此人格同一性的人格论,既可以被物理主义学者接受,也可以被二元论者接受。
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So although I'm trying to sketch the dualist position, as I explained on Tuesday, I don't myself believe in souls.
尽管我在尝试去概述,二元论的观点,就像我在周二所说的,我自己并不相信灵魂
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Though it does seem, from this dualist perspective, as though souls are located, I'm sort of viewing the world from here.
虽然看起来,就二元论观点而言,灵魂是有位置的,我可以从这里看到世界
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And so at least the possibility that I'll survive my death is one worth taking very, very seriously if we are dualists.
因此如果我们是二元论者,那么至少我们会非常非常认真地看待,我们能幸免一死的可能性
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And he used this argument as a way to support dualism, as a way to support the idea that bodies and minds are separate.
他用这一论据来支持二元论,来支持身心二元的观点
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You may choose to embrace dualism, reject the idea that the brain is responsible for mental life, and reject the promise of a scientific psychology.
你也可以选择身心二元论,拒绝承认大脑引起心理活动,看低科学心理学的前景
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So these are the two basic positions: the dualist view on the one hand, the physicalist view on the other.
以上就是两种基本的理论,一种是二元论的观点,另一种是物理主义的观点
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The kind of dualist position that we are considering in this class is an interactionist position, where the soul commands the body.
我们在这门课里,所讨论的二元论观点,实际上是一种互动论的观点,也就是认为灵魂可以控制肉体
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According to the dualist, the mind is this immaterial substance and we could call it by different names.
根据二元论,心灵是非物质的实体,我们可以用不同的名字称呼它
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Well, the dualist says, "That shows us that we have to believe that there's something non-physical about us.
二元论者认为,这表明我们必须相信,人有非物质性的一面
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On the one hand, we have the dualist view; that's the view that we spent a fair bit of time sketching last meeting.
我们探讨了两种观点 一种是二元论的观点,上堂课上我们用了很长的时间来介绍它
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Are there mysteries or puzzles about people that the physicalist just draws a blank, but if we become dualists, we can explain these features?
是否存在某些人类的奥秘或谜团,物理主义对此束手无策,而二元论者,却能解释它们
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The question we want to turn to, then, is, "Which of these two views should we believe: the dualist position or the physicalist position?"
接下来,我们的问题是,这两种观点,我们到底应该相信哪一种,二元论还是物理主义
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As I say, the dualist position, as we're understanding it, is not a view that says there are only minds, there are no bodies.
前面已经谈到,二元论,就我们的理解,并不认为只有心灵而没有肉体
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So I think it's a very nice attempt to discuss the physicalist alternative to Plato's dualism.
因此我认为这是个好的尝试,讨论与二元论不同的观点。
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Voice and writing, by the way, are not a stable binary.
顺道说一句，声音和文字不是稳定的二元系统。
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One possible explanation, the dualist, that's the ghost of your mother, immaterial soul that she is, communicating to you while you're asleep.
一个可能的解释,二元论者会说,那是你妈妈的鬼魂,她是一个非物质的灵魂,在你睡觉的时候跟你交流
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The reason I think it doesn't follow trivially is because, remember, I said we're dealing with interactionist dualism.
我认为它并非自然地得出结论的原因是,记住,我们在和心物交互二元论打交道
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I don't feel I've got any sort of account going here as to how consciousness works, even if I become a dualist.
我觉得就算我是一个二元论者,我也还是不懂这番对于意识的解释
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Plato, as a dualist, portrays Socrates as being a dualist and that's just taken for granted.
作为一个二元论者,柏拉图理所当然地,把苏格拉底塑造成一个二元论者
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But I don't think what we should say is, "The better explanation lies with the dualist."
但我们也不能说,二元论的解释更好
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Now, I think the best response on the part of the dualist to this reply is to distinguish two aspects of feelings, two aspects of emotions.
现在,我认为二元论者对这一答复的,最好回应,就是区分感受的两方面,情绪的两个方面
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The dualist view, according to which a person is a body and a soul.
二元论认为,人是由肉体和灵魂两部分组成
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So that's I think the position that we ought to ascribe to the dualist.
所以我认为,这应归入二元论者的立场
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That's the attraction, at least one of the attractions, of the dualist view.
这就是吸引人的地方,至少是众多吸引人地方中的一处,就二元论者的观点而言
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