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You could distinguish between some properties of these processes that extend out, in that most of them are what are called dendrites.
你可以分辨出细胞体,所向外伸展的突起之间的,某些不同性质,大部分突起都属于树突
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So inside the cell mostly water, outside the cell mostly water, but I need to separate my water from the water outside.
那么细胞内大多是水,细胞外大多也是水,但我需要将体内的和体外的水隔离开
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The other reason why cells stay together is that they're surrounded by a matrix that's called extracellular matrix.
另一个使细胞凝聚在一起的原因是,它们被,叫做细胞外基质的一种基质所包围
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They might ingest extracellular antigen, presented pieces of it on their cell surface in the context of MHC-2.
它们可以吞噬胞外抗原,根据细胞表面的,主要组织相容性抗原-2
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We talked last time about extracellular matrix and this complex protein-carbohydrate gel that surrounds all cells.
我们上次谈到过的细胞外基质,是一种蛋白和碳水化合物的复合物胶冻,它环绕在细胞周围
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It could be those differences that they experience in their extracellular environment that lead to their choice to either self-renew or to become committed.
有可能就是由于,这种细胞外环境的不同,最终导致它们自我更新,或者成为定向的祖细胞
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Well, what if this division takes place in an environment where there's one kind of extra cellular matrix here and another kind of extracellular matrix here?
那如果在细胞分裂的过程中,两个子细胞的细胞外基质不同,会对它们产生什么影响
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They're fully functional organisms that can reproduce on their own, and they can start growing outside of any cell and that's what they do, they live extracellularly.
细菌可是麻雀虽小五脏俱全,它们能够凭借自身繁殖,可以在任意一个细胞外开始增殖,它们就是这样做的,在细胞外生长繁殖
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Antibodies are outside of cells circulating in your extracellular fluid.
抗体在细胞外的 细胞外液中循环
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What extracellular matrix you have in any particular tissue is there because there's a balance between it being produced by one kind of cell and digested by another, and you're in this sort of state of dynamic equilibrium.
特定组织中,细胞外基质的多少,取决于一个,分泌与降解的平衡,这是一种动态的平衡关系
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They carry a potential, that is, if you could - if you had a tiny, tiny electrical meter, you could one put one electrode on one side of the cell membrane, on the extracellular side and one on the intracellular side and measure, you would measure a potential difference; just like a battery you would measure a potential difference.
它们带有电势,就是说,如果你能有一个足够小的电位计,可以把一个电极放在细胞膜一侧,假设放在细胞外的一侧,另一个电极放在细胞内侧并测量,你能测到一个电势差,就像电池那样能测到电势差
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Well, it's true that it's not stuck to plastic but it is stuck to other materials The other materials that it's stuck to include other cells that surround it and this complex matrix which surrounds all of the cells in our body called extracellular matrix and I'll get to that in just a few moments.
体内的细胞不会贴在塑料片上,但是它们会和别的材料黏联在一起,这些材料包括,细胞和周围细胞间的黏联,细胞同细胞外基质的黏联,我们身体中包围在细胞周围的物质,称为细胞外基质,后面我会详细讲到
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