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take a look at page 917, the left-hand column, where Derrida is talking not about Levi-Strauss but about Saussure.
看一下第917页，左边，这里德里达不是在说列维而是在说索绪尔。
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In other words, language, according to Derrida, in the Saussurian tradition seems to privilege sound over script, over what is graphic.
换句话说，德里达认为，在索绪尔的理论中，音响比文字，更具优势。
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Heisenberg gets his PhD with Sommerfeld in Munich and then goes to Copenhagen to work with Bohr.
在慕尼黑的索末菲门下取得了博士学位,然后又去了哥本哈根,和波尔一起工作。
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A guy called Chip Sowerwine, Charles Sowerwine, who's a buddy of mine from--lives in Melbourne, in Australia, and it's a good book.
是一个叫"碎屑"索维温,就是查尔斯·索维温,我一哥们,住在墨尔本,澳大利亚,是本好书
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What oriental? That means mainly the Tigris and Euphrates, Mesopotamia, Syria,all those older civilizations and much more advanced civilizations than the Greek.
哪个东方,这主要指底格里斯河和,幼发拉底河文明,美索不达米亚文明,以及叙利亚文明等这些旧文明,它们都比希腊先进的多
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He visited Vallombrosa when he was introduced to Galileo in Fiesole.
他被引见给尚在菲耶索的伽利略时曾经去过那里。
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By the first century, when Christianity was coming around, it was not so much the place where you'd go to see necessarily high theater, like Sophocles or Euripides or something like that.
公元一世纪，基督教诞生时，当时的剧院,上演的并不是什么高级戏剧，比如索福克勒斯或者欧里庇得斯的戏剧。
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The existence of that play shows to all of us just how seriously Socrates was taken by the greatest of his contemporaries and Aristophanes was along with Sophocles and Euripides and others among the greatest of the Greek playwrights.
这剧本的存在让我们所有人了解到,当代大师有多看重苏格拉底,包括亚里斯多芬尼斯,还有索夫克里斯,尤里庇狄思等大家,及其它伟大的希腊剧作家。
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Speech is the way in which we appropriate, deploy and make use of language, and Saussure calls that "parole."
话语是我们使用语言，分配部署语言的结果，索绪尔叫它，个人语言“
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Soon we'll know. First of all, we'd better say, as is already clear from what we've been quoting, language is not quite Saussurian.
我们很快就会知道，首先，从引文中很容易看出，语言不是索绪尔式的。
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This then is the object of Saussure's attention as a linguist and as a semiotician.
这就是索绪尔所注意到的,作为一个符号学家兼语言学家。
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Pauli was an Austrian who did his PhD under Sommerfeld in Munich and then post-doced with Max Born in Gottingen and also with Niels Bohr in Copenhagen.
泡利是个奥地利人,他在慕尼黑读博的时候导师是索末菲,他后来从医的时候,在哥廷根和曼克斯·波恩共事,在哥本哈根的时候和尼根斯·波尔共事。
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When Evans found writing at Knossos, he found two-- well, he actually found seven, but only two that turned out to be significant-- two kinds of script.
当埃文斯在克诺索斯发现文字,他找到两种,事实上他一共找到了七种,不过只有两种被认为比较重要,这两种手迹
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Language," says Saussure, "is not a function of the speaker."
根据索绪尔，语言不是个人的“
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Scholars who go to Geneva go for a variety of reasons when they look at the Saussure archive.
后来的学者们为了各种理由去日内瓦,当他们面对索绪尔的档案时。
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The art of dream interpretation places a very important role in this story, And dream interpretation was a developed science, Particularly in Egypt, and the other parts of Mesopotamia, but the Egyptians were known in the ancient world as dream interpreters.
解梦术在这个故事中有非常重要的作用，解梦术当时是发达的科学，尤其在埃及和美索不达米亚其它地区，但是在埃及人在古代就是以解梦人而被人所知。
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Here's where I come back to that example that I already gave you with a question mark next to it when I was talking about Saussure.
我这就要再讲一下我已经讲过的例子,就是我们讲索绪尔时讲到的那个存疑的例子。
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Linear A is earlier and it is associated with and it is clearly the language used by the Minoan kings at Knossos and other places.
类线形文字出现得较早,而且它已被确定与克诺索斯或其他地区的,米诺斯时期国王们所使用的语言有一定的关联
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The polis is not merely a city state in the same way as,let us say, the Mesopotamian city states of the third millennium B.C. Were.
那就是城邦不仅仅是一座城市,并不是像,我们说的公元前三千年的,美索不达米亚的城市
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And tradition identifies this as the site of Sodom and Gomorrah.
传说认为这里是索多玛城和蛾摩拉城旧址。
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We'll do all this next time before we get into Saussure.
我们会在下次讲索绪尔之前讲到这点。
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But what is new in Saussure and what really is foundational in semiotics as a science is two things that Saussure then goes on to say about the sign.
但是说索绪尔创造性的开创了,符号学，是因为两件事,这两件事是。
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I don't know it positively. I'm about to give an example of this which I hope will flesh out what I'm trying to get across; let's look at a couple of passages in Saussure that may make the point.
不能主动地认识,更具体地举例来说;,我们来看看索绪尔是怎么论述这一点的。
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We find Egyptian things in Mycenae and vice versa, and also presumably, much of it must have gone into Mesopotamia; some of it went all the way to the Western Mediterranean.
我们在迈锡尼城中发现了来自埃及的物品,反之亦然,由此推测,很多迈锡尼物品也散播到了美索不达米亚,其中一些出现在西地中海
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The real sort of typical home of the kinds of things were talking about is Mesopotamia, modern Iraq, the Tigress, Euphrates Valley, which spread out beyond Iraq and went up into Syria and neighboring places.
我们所讨论的这些旧文明中的典型大约,起源于美索不达米亚,即现在的伊拉克,在底格里斯河,幼发拉底河流域,其范围超过了伊拉克,还包括叙利亚以及邻近地区
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When he was shipwrecked on the island in which the goddess Calypso ruled,she fell in love with Odysseus, just as the fate of great heroes-- they are heroic and handsome, and fast and women love them.
有一次他的船,在海之女神卡吕普索的小岛附近搁浅,女神爱上了奥德修斯,像其他大英雄一样,他威风凛凛,英俊潇洒,迷倒万千女性
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The records make it perfectly clear that the kingdoms of Pylos and Knossos were bureaucratic monarchies of a type unexpected in Greece, but in many ways similar to some contemporary and earlier kingdoms in the eastern Mediterranean.
记录清晰地表明皮洛斯和,科索诺斯王国,是不同于希腊的君主专制政体,但在很多地方类似于,一些同期和早期的地中海东部的王国
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In the Mesopotamian account, the gods themselves are created ; And they're not even created first, actually; The first generation of beings creates these odd demons and monsters, And gods only are created after several generations Marduk And the god of creation, Marduk, Is actually kind of a latecomer in the picture.
在美索不达米亚的描述中，众神本身也是被创造的,而事实上，他们还不是最先被创造出来的;,是最早的存在创造了那些恶魔和怪兽，而众神是在好几代之后才被创造的,而有创造能力的神是，他在创世的图景中是姗姗来迟的。
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