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And in fact, Skinner explicitly made the analogy from the natural selection of species to the natural selection of behavior.
实际上，斯金纳也确实明确地,对物种的自然选择,同行为的自然选择进行过类比。
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I was trying to think this morning of an analogy and I thought I came up with a good one.
今天早上我一直在找一个类比,现在我觉得找到了个恰当的
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And first we discussed the fact that well, in terms of a classical analogy, we don't really have one for wave function, we can't really think of a way to picture wave function thinking in classical terms.
首先我们说了，波函数没有一个，经典的类比，我们不能想象一个,经典的波函数的图像。
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That kind of makes sense, but there's more, of course, here than the moon to describe Satan's shield.
这能说得通了，但是除此之外，还有比月亮更适合的类比撒旦的屏障的东西。
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Now in a few minutes I will turn to the question What about Socrates' criticisms of the analogy?
一会儿我要讲,苏格拉底对此类比的批评怎么样？
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The other thing that's on this slide here is sort of a simple analogy that I've already described.
这张幻灯片上的其它东西,是一个简单的类比,我已经讲过了
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I intentionally used this very common analogy of a stack of trays in a cafeteria.
我故意使用这个普遍的类比，就像,自助餐厅的一堆托盘。
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Well, I'm going to do the same analogy to a real recipe. So, real recipe.
好吧，我要做一个,真正方法的类比，因此，真正的方法。
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So, here is where Jerry Pollitt's analogy to the fall of Rome seems so very appealing.
对此,杰瑞·波利特对于罗马城陷落,的类比似乎也十分引人注目
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This is an analogy as old as, and found in, Homer.
这是在荷马史诗中就发现的类比。
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And another analogy we can use is of an engine.
另一个类比是关于引擎的。
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And one of the best analogies you can think of is the oil rich nations of the world in post-World War Two, in the post-World War Two era, whether it's Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran, the Emirates, or Venezuela, name--today Russia.
做个非常恰当的类比,你们可以把棉花想象成,二战后时期的石油,想想沙特阿拉伯,伊拉克,伊朗,阿联酋,委内瑞拉,和今天的俄罗斯吧
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du/dV under constant temperature was equal to zero for an ideal gas. And by analogy, we expect the same thing to be true here, because enthalpy and energy have all this analogy going on here. So let's look at an ideal gas.
偏U偏V在恒温下等于零,可以类比，我们希望在这里也一样，因为焓和能量有很强的类比性，让我们看看理想气体,【理想气体】
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I think you can tell by analogy with what I did in one dimension that the position of that object at any time t is going to be the initial position plus velocity times t plus one half a t square.
你们可以类比一下我在一维情况下的结论,这个物体在任意时刻 t 的位移,等于初始位移,加上 v ? t + 1/2 ? a ? t^2
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But the reason that I like that analogy is that it points out a very important part of spin, and that's the idea that it's a description of the electron.
但我喜欢这个类比的原因是因为,它指出了自旋非常重要的一面，那就是它是一种电子的描述。
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spell out the analogy a bit more fully, and I'll say a bit more about it later.
把这个类比说得更完整一些,一会儿我会更多的提到它。
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And it gives us an very nice analogy of somebody whose, you know, a coat which could outlast the owner, but it isn't immortal.
他给了我们一个很好的类比,某人的大衣可以,比它的主人存在更久，但它并不是不朽的。
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There's no classical way to think about what a wave function is.
我们没有办法从经典力学的角度,想象波函数是什么样的，没有经典的类比。
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Of course, perhaps even more troubling is the satanic parallel as well.
当然，或许更令人头疼的是在撒旦身上进行的类比。
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So here's the supposed to say silly analogy.
这可能是个很傻的类比。
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The two analogies we use " was strengthening our immune system or stronger "psychological engine" that has the capacity to endure more not just from the negative to zero, but also from the zero to the positive.
我们使用的两个类比,是加强我们的免役系统或加强“心理引擎“,获得更强大的忍受能力,不只是从负到零，还要从零到正。
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So, you would say, well, that's another place where Homer got it right, except for the fact that we also know how chariots are used in warfare and the closest analogy, I think, is to think of chariots as tanks.
你们可能会说,好吧,荷马又说对了,除非我们也懂得如何在战争中使用战车,我认为最相近的类比是把战车比作坦克
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One of the labors of reading Paradise Lost is the reader's obligation to supply the analog for the X, and this poem is filled with such X's.
读的一个麻烦就是,读者需要自行类比出X究竟是什么，偏偏诗中又充满了这种不确定物。
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And if we wish to continue this analogy, and I certainly do, between the poet Milton and the virgin Lady, we can see that this is a release that John Milton the poet has been waiting some time for.
如果我们希望继续这个弥尔顿的诗与小姐贞操的类比，我肯定会，我们可以看到,这是弥尔顿的诗等了很久的一种解脱。
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The Genesis story of God's peremptory prohibition of the fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil is the strongest analogy that I can think of to the licenser's peremptory prohibition of a book.
创世纪》的故事中上帝坚决禁止,智慧树区分善恶的果实是我能想到的,最有力的和管制者对书本的坚决禁止的类比。
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So the harmony analogy is I think an attempt, and not a bad attempt, at gesturing towards the question how do physicalists think about the mind.
所以我认为和声的类比是个尝试，而且是不错的尝试,尝试解读物理学家如何思考精神。
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They mean rather the same slowly evolving Here is an analogy.
他们指的是同样的缓慢进化完善的,做个类比。
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So to use an analogy that I think that David Kaplan, a philosopher of UCLA offers you've to think it more like a bologna or salami that you can slice.
这里我用一个类比,我想是加州大学哲学家大卫提出的,你要想象成一条大腊肠或者香肠,你可以切分的。
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And that's somewhat inconvenient because we're working with wave functions, but it's a reality that comes out of quantum mechanics often, which is that we're describing a world that is so much different from the world that we observe on a day-to-day basis, that we're not always going to be able to make those one-to-one analogies.
这对于研究氢原子，很不方便,但这就是事实,而且在量子力学中经常会出现这种事实,那就是我们要描述的世界，和我们日常所看到的世界,之间的差别是如此之大,以至于我们不能，做出一一对应的类比,但幸运的是我们不用管。
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If harmony really is invisible, and harmony really can be destroyed, that invisible things can be destroyed, even the soul is nothing like you know, that's not a good analogy for thinking of the physicalist position, have you? So what?
如果和声真的无形，而和声真的可以毁灭，那么无形的东西可以毁灭，即使灵魂不同于和声,如果从物理学家的观点来看,这不是个好的类比，那又如何？
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