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Literal punishment: for example, in the Code of Hammurabi, where someone's ox kills a child, then the ox owner's child is killed.
例如，在汉穆拉比法典里，如果某人的牛,杀死了一个小孩，那么这头牛的主人的小孩也应处死。
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But the introduction, "You shall be holy for I the Lord your God am holy"--being holy in imitation of God is emphasized repeatedly as the purpose of the laws in the Holiness Code especially.
你们要圣洁，因为我耶和华你们的神是圣洁的“,这一引言就是教导人们要效仿上帝保持圣洁,作为法律的目的它被反复强调，特别是在圣洁法典里。
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They study the old tradition which is now actually written down in Talmudic people heard of.
这些学生学习古老的传统,这些传统现在实际上已写在了,人们听说过的《犹太教法典》中。
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The law code of Hammurabi is available to us and there's a preface to it in which he basically explains why you should obey the rules that he now is laying down for you.
汉莫拉比法典为我们提供了证据,汉莫拉比在法典的前言中向我们解释了,为什么要遵守他颁布的法律
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In order to complete the founding of the city, it was necessary to establish its gods and ensure proper respect for the law. Numa was the bringer of the Roman legal codes respecting religion, proper observances and the like.
为了完成重建城市的任务，建立起它的众神体制并且保证人们对于法律的,恰当尊重是必要的，Numa是为罗马带来,法典的人，这种法典崇尚宗教，适宜的规范，诸如此类。
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Middle Assyrian Laws: there's death to a wife if she steals from her husband and death to any who purchased the stolen goods.
中亚述法典这样描述，偷取丈夫财物的妻子应处死,对任何购买盗窃之物的人也应处死。
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The Hittite laws too: there are different amounts fixed by class in the miscarriage laws, 95 and 99. The middle Assyrian laws also distinguish between the awilum, the mushkenum and the slave.
赫梯法典也一样，在从第95条到99条的流产法中,不同阶级有不同的处罚金额，中亚述法典也对,阿维鲁，穆什钦努和奴隶进行了区分。
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In the middle Assyrian laws also, homicide--it's up to the family.
同样，在中亚述法典里，对杀人罪的惩罚取决于死者家人。
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So while the relationship of D to some of the laws in the Covenant Code is often--not always but often--one of revision, the relationship between D and the laws in the Priestly source is more difficult to characterize.
那么，尽管申命记材料和契约法典中的律法的关系,往往是，不是总是而是往往，是修订，申命记材料中的,律法和祭祀派材料的的关系则更难定义。
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And that's a difference in authorship. So if you look, for example, at the prologue to the laws of Ur-nammu: An and Enlil gave kingship to Ur-nammu, but Ur-nammu is said to establish equity and the laws.
这是由作者决定的差别，例如，在吾珥南模法典的，序言里提到，安努和恩利勒将王位传给了吾珥南模,但据说是吾珥南模建立了衡平法和这部法典。
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But when you look at it in a comparative light in its legal context, we see that it's a polemic against the class distinctions that were being drawn in antecedent and contemporary legal systems, such as the Code of Hammurabi.
但当你在法律背景下以一种比较的观点看待它时，会发现它驳倒了存在于先前的和同时代的,法律体系中的阶级差异,例如，汉穆拉比法典。
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In any event, many scholars through their analysis of these texts have been led to conclude that the Deuteronomistic School updated and revised earlier laws, particularly laws in the Covenant Code, but sometimes also in the older legal stratum of P; and they did so in keeping with the circumstances of the eighth to sixth century.
在任何事件中，许多学者通过分析都,得出结论即申命记学派更新,并修订了早先的律法，尤其是契约法典中的律法，但有时也包括比较早起的祭祀派律法;他们这样做,是为了与公元前6世纪到8世纪保持一致。
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So I've put this very handy little chart on the board for you listing codes on one side. And you'll see the kinds of things that are punished you pay a certain amount of money to compensate for the death.
我在黑板上画了这个图，一边列出了,这些法典，你可以看到一些被处以,你可以付一定数额的钱作为对死者的赔偿。
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