Nutrition is considered the process, the behavioral process by which people require--acquire nutrients, and use them to promote vital activities.
营养作用就是营养的供给和摄取,也就是人们摄取营养,并将其转化为生命力的行为过程
It lists the protein but not the percent daily value, so you noted something interesting about the food label.
这里列出了蛋白质却没写其日摄取百分比,你注意到了食品标签里一个有趣的现象
So, when there is extra glucose you want to put it into the cells that can use it immediately.
当有额外的糖分存在时,能迅速利用糖分的细胞就开始摄取糖分
The lady's refusal to drink of Comus' cup was just the first of Milton's attempts to bring the action of ingestion to the very center of a literary work.
拒绝司酒宴之神的杯子的女士,是弥尔顿第一次尝试把摄取食物的行动,注入到文学作品的中心去。
We'll talk specifically about how many calories people are consuming in liquid form which has gone way, way up.
我们将具体谈论人们从饮料中,摄取的卡路里量,这个数字直线上升
Can the body ingest this particular item and deal with it in a reasonable way and not have internal havoc occur?
营养能否被身体摄取,能否被适当的消化,不导致机体的紊乱
And then, you can look at the nutrient broken down as a function of the percent daily values.
下面是各种营养成分的含量,及其所占每日建议摄取量的百分比
Did--were people surprised by the number of calories that you total up at the end of the day?
有没有人对自己一天的热量摄取量,感到吃惊的
You have to make those calculations and there are errors in that, but you come away with a population estimate of things like that.
你必须把这些都算进去,因为其中存在误差,但这样你会得出,整体人群摄取量的估算值
In this case, the total fat, which is twelve grams, constitutes 18% of a day's allowance of fat for the typical 200 calorie diet.
在此表中,脂肪总量是十二克,占了日脂肪建议摄取量的18%,以两百卡为标准
Now, daily values are established by the government, how much nutrients the typical person needs and then how much--what percentage of that a food provides.
每日建议摄取量是由政府制定的,代表普通人的日营养需求量,这里给出了该食物所能提供的百分比
Usually when people drink milk they're not thinking that they're consuming sugar but they are.
通常当人们喝牛奶时,人们不会认为他们摄取了糖类,但事实上是他们确实摄取了
These are things that must be taken in from the environment because your body cannot manufacture them and they promote specific chemical reactions in the body.
这些都是必须从外界摄取的物质,因为无法通过自身合成,它们能促进体内特定的化学反应
Well, why does it increase uptake of glucose into muscle cells?
那么,肌细胞为什么要增加糖的摄取
Well, how does glucose uptake get enhanced in those cells?
那么这些细胞是如何增强血糖摄取能力的
Well, as you might guess, we eat too much of the simple sugars and the disaccharide sugars and we eat too little of the complex carbohydrates.
如你所想,我们摄取了过多单糖和二糖,而摄入的多糖太少
When it does it makes biochemical changes inside the cells and one of the things it does is increase glucose uptake into certain kinds of cells, particularly fat cells and muscle cells.
这导致细胞内部发生生物化学变化,其中的一个变化是,某些细胞开始增加对糖分的摄取,尤其是脂肪细胞和肌细胞
Carbohydrate has really shifted, and so people are eating more calories from carbohydrate before, sugars primarily, and that is coming primarily from added sugar, or that's at least one of the primary contributors.
碳水化合物也有明显的变化,比前人更多的从碳水化合物中摄取热量,以糖类为主,也就是说主要是添加糖类的食物,至少这是主要的来源之一
Why does it go into fat cells?
为什么脂肪细胞要摄取糖呢
There is a researcher at The Harvard Medical School named David Ludwig who's done a terrific series of studies on the glycemic index and found how it relates to food intake, body weight regulation, and health.
在哈佛医学院有一个研究员,名叫大卫·路德维格,他在血糖指数方面,做了一系列出色的研究,并发现了血糖指数与食物摄取,体重控制以及健康之间的关系
Then you can look at how this stacks up for a person that has a 200 calorie diet or a 2500 calorie diet, and it'll show things like total fat, cholesterol, sodium, and total carbohydrate.
最后是普通人的各种营养日建议摄取量,这是基于两千或两千五百卡膳食标准的,这里列出了脂肪总量,胆固醇,钠,和碳水化合物总量
They're water soluble and fat soluble vitamins that look like this, and the difference between the two is that the fat soluble vitamins when they're ingested, gets stored in the body fat primarily in the liver.
分为脂溶性维生素和水溶性维生素,像这样,二者的区别在于,脂溶性维生素一经摄取,大多都储存在肝脏的脂肪中
If one were faced with starvation, then seeking out fat as we discussed before, is a pretty good idea, but if one is not deprived of calories, then having fat may not be so helpful.
如果一个人面临饥饿,像我们之前讨论的去寻求脂肪,是个好主意,但是如果一个人不消耗热量,那么摄取脂肪就没什么用了
Although most of you would probably say "well it's--all these things are involved, at least to some extent,"society defaults to certain assumptions about what's driving food intake and there are some people that default to an environmental explanation of this.
尽管你们大部分人可能会说,"和以上这些因素都有关系,至少有些关系",社会共识,某些原因造成了我们摄取过多垃圾食品,一些人把这归咎于环境原因
If you followed a diet where you ate less junk food and ate more fruits and vegetables, for example, just those two little rules you would help shift around this balance of sugars in a way that would benefit health.
如果你遵循一个饮食原则,比如,少吃垃圾食品多吃水果和蔬菜,仅仅这么简单的两条,就会在一定程度上帮你调节糖类摄取平衡,这个对健康有好处
As we'll discuss in the class, and most of you probably know this, your body weight is a function of how many calories you take in and how many calories you burn off through metabolic processes but also physical activity.
我们将会讲到,而且你们中的大部分人可能也知道,你的体重随着卡路里的摄取量,和代谢中的消耗量而变化,还跟肢体活动有关
Now what you might do about this, let's say that we--that you're the Surgeon General or you're the top health official in some country and you agree with this poll, that people are eating too much junk food.
那我们现在要怎么做呢,假设,你是卫生部部长或者你是,某国的卫生部门的高官并且你认可,人们摄取了过量垃圾食品的结论
The number of calories you guys consume as a part of your diet, if you're the average person, is much higher than used to be the case and that has very interesting biological implications that we'll discuss.
从作为饮食一部分的饮料中摄取的热量,就普通人的情况而言,和过去相比要高得多,这包含了一层有趣的生物学含义
A food frequency--by the way, you also have the issue of whether the particular twenty-four hours that a person is interviewed is representative of their diet overall, because you can imagine how much your food intake varies from day to day.
食物摄取频率,顺便说下,还有一个问题,就是在选取的24小时里,测试者,是不是对总体有代表性,因为你可以想象,每天事物的摄入量都是不同的
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