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Sweden kind of disappears from the great power state when they're defeated by Peter the Great in--when is it?--1709.
在1709年被彼得大帝打败后,［此处指的是1709年的波尔塔瓦之战］
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He writes home, "I do not intend to shirk now that there is really something to fight for; I mean freedom.
他在家书中道,"我不打算逃避,我必须为之一战,为自由而战
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Or sometimes the Romans liked to take a big theater and fill the central part of the theater, the cavea, with water and then stage naval battles and that kind of thing.
有时候罗马人也喜欢利用大剧院,在大剧院的中心和兽笼，注满水，上演大海战之类的。
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He is against the arbitrary taking, the singling out of Bill Gates to finance the war in Iraq.
他反对肆意掠夺，反对特地挑选比尔·盖茨，为伊战出资。
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As you know from reading your Pairy, the sigh reading has dialogue on personal identity and immortality.
读，野狼战北，这本书，里面提到过关于人格同一性,和永生不死的对话。
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However, there's this great question of how far do the Greeks pursue in a hoplite battle?
但是,这里又有一个问题,希腊人在方阵战中会从战场追出多远呢
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Are you among those more comfortable, have you taken any computer science, were you programming at the age of 10 but you'd actually like to learn a bit about things you don't yet know and challenge yourself with new content or are you somewhere in between?
你对电脑比较熟悉么，你上过计算机专业方面的课程吗？,你是不是10岁就会编程,来上课的目的只是为了学习未知的知识,或者用新知识来挑战战自我？,还是二者兼有？
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I remember, for example, during the Vietnam War when Richard Nixon spoke about achieving peace with honor, and this was largely mocked as a kind of ludicrous idea.
我还记得越南战争时,尼克松说,要通过荣誉之战赢得和平,这滑稽的想法在当时可是被嘲笑的对象。
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So, it's rather like a medieval siege, from that point of view.
从这点上看,这很像中世纪攻城战
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And in later letters in this series between her and Richard, and also in the review that she wrote up for the Book of the Month Club newsletter), she invokes the Nazis specifically as a comparison to the kind of oppression that Richard was trying to escape in the South.
她在之后与理查的通信中，把理查在南方,与德国纳粹做比较，当时社会的主流思想,就是在为了美国式的理想,为了自由而战。
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All right, so an elected government can conscript citizens to go out and defend the way of life, the community that makes the enjoyment of rights possible?
好的，所以说民选政府是可以征召公民,上战场为了他们的生活而战的，使得社会能够继续享有这些权利吗？
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For a long, long time the general wisdom was there were not heavy casualties in hoplite battles -- people calculating on what I was just talking about.
长期以来的共识是,方阵战不会造成大规模的伤亡,人们相信这一点
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Everybody in the Civil War will say they're fighting for liberty.
参与内战的每一个人,都会说他们是为了自由而战
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Life for Hobbes is competition or struggle not just over scarce resources, although that might be part of the struggle, but for honors, for anything else that a person might value or esteem.
对霍布斯来说，生活是一次竞争或斗争,不是争夺稀缺的资源,虽然这也可能是斗争的一部分，而是为荣誉，为一个人的,价值和自尊而战。
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That could be an epigraph on this course, if you like, because in the end when this Civil War will finally come both sides will say over and over and over again that they are only fighting for liberty.
你愿意的话,也可以把这两个词记下来,因为在最后,当内战最终打响的时候,双方都会一遍又一遍地重申,他们只是为了自由而战
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He survived the Battle of the Wilderness, the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, the Battle of Cold Harbor, the entire Siege of Petersburg from August of '64 all the way until the end of March of 1865.
他在荒地战役中存活了下来,经历了波特瑟尔韦尼亚县府战役,和冷港战役,从1864年8月的彼得斯堡包围战,直到1865年五月底
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Probably never that easy but really, you're just not going to lose, and the truth of the matter is that hoplites beat non-hoplites in all battles that are fought on flat land in battles that the Greeks fight in.
也许不是那么的容易,不过总会胜利的,事实上,在所有希腊人打的平原战中,方阵部队无一例外地击败了非方阵部队
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Now, just to give you a sense of how cold and calculated this business was, and how in many ways the first defense or justification of slavery in America is of course it certainly is by the late Antebellum Period it is an unabashed economic defense, as we'll see.
以上只是为了让你们体会到,这种交易是如何的冷酷而精明,以及战前后期第一次,美国奴隶制度的保卫与正名之战,不管怎么看,都毫无疑问,是一场赤裸裸的利益保卫战,正如我们所见
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And finally Agamemnon says, "No, I'm not going to give back my girl, but I'll tell you what, I will give back my girl if I am given the girl you took from a different Trojan, and that'll be fine.
阿伽门农最后说,"我不会把那姑娘还回去,但是,照我说,如果你将在特洛伊战中俘获的姑娘,都送给我,我就把那姑娘还回去
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One of the best descriptions I've ever read of why slavery persisted, of why people defended it, and why people went to war for it, came before the war, in 1857, in a speech by the African-American woman, novelist, writer, poet Frances Ellen Watkins Harper.
我曾读到的一段比较精彩的论述,关于为什么奴隶制度留存了下来,为什么人们为其辩护,为其而战,在1857年,战争前夕,在一个非裔美国女人的演讲中,她是小说家兼作家兼诗人,弗朗斯·伊莲·瓦特金·哈伯
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