These are molecules that exist naturally in cell membranes and are activated by certain enzymes and kinases generated by receptors.

这些分子存在于细胞膜表面,能被受体激活的某种酶或激酶所活化

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Kinases can, in many cases, serve as a mechanism for switching a protein on or switching a protein off.

激酶能够,在很多情况下,能够激活一种蛋白或者关闭一种蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This is - there are also other receptors that are linked to other enzymes besides kinases.

除了激酶以外,还有很多其他的受体,与酶相偶联

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That's a very simplified version of why kinases are important.

这就是激酶为什么如此重要的原因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, these are receptors, for example, that bind the ligand and then liberate an enzyme which promotes some sort of reaction inside the cell, often it's kinases but doesn't have to be.

例如,这里是受体,与配体相结合,激活一种酶,这种酶能够催化细胞内的某些反应,这些酶通常都是激酶,但不全是

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One way that you could switch this on and off inside the cell is by taking off this phosphorous, proteins enzymes that do this opposite reaction, the opposite to kinases are called phosphokinases.

一种方法是通过去除磷酸基团,来改变细胞内蛋白的状态,催化添加磷酸基团,此逆反应的蛋白酶,能够催化逆反应的激酶叫做磷酸激酶

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Another family is receptor tyrosine kinases, I'll show another picture in a moment that tells you more about what a kinase is, but a kinase is basically an enzyme that can add a phosphorous to another molecule.

另一类是酪氨酸激酶受体,马上我给你们看另一张图,这张图会更详细地告诉你们激酶是什么,激酶是一种能够,向其他分子上添加磷酸基团的酶

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I did want to say a little bit more about kinases because they're so important in intracellular communication and kinases take advantage of the fact that proteins can often exist in more than one state, and that's what makes them useful molecules inside cells.

关于激酶我想再多讲一点,因为它们对细胞内通讯十分重要,因为激酶的优越之处在于,这种蛋白通常不只有一种状态,这也令它们在细胞中的用处极大

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选