"I have lost a total of 41 pounds. I feel amazing, stronger and more energy.

VOA: standard.2010.07.16

So if you have some charge in the nucleus, but you also have repulsion with another electron, the net attractive charge that a given electron going to feel is actually less than that total charge in the nucleus.

所以如果在原子核中，有一些电荷但是你也有来自，另一个电子的排斥力,那么一个给定电子的,吸引电荷感觉到的事实上,小于原子核中的总电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Well, the reason, the way that we can check it is just to see if it's in between our two extreme 1 cases. We know that it has to be more than 1, because even if we had total shielding, 1 we would at least feel is the effective of 1.

好的我们可以检查它的原因和方式是观察,它是否在我们的两种极端案例之间,我们知道它必须大于，因为即使如果我们有完全的屏蔽，我们最小感到的有效值是。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选