And in the end, when it's at equilibrium, and you look and you'd make a measurement, right, you could do spectroscopy.
当他处于平衡状态的时候,你可以做测量,比方说做光谱分析。
The one that is at equilibrium, there is only one macroscopic state at equilibrium.
处于平衡的状态,并且只有一个平衡的宏观状态。
And so what I get is the energy of the system at the equilibrium separation is given by minus z plus.
这就是通过减去z+得到得平衡分离时,我得到的能量体系。
After all that looks a lot like the Downs-Hoteling model, we've got two candidates exactly at the middle, is that an equilibrium?
毕竟那看起来很像当斯-霍特林模型,我们有两个绝对在中间的候选人,那是个均衡吗
It's at equilibrium, under the new condition, that is with the barrier removed.
系统在新的状态下处于平衡,这个新的状态就是指隔板被取走了。
So the point is, once you're at equilibrium none of the other states they're accessible, the system could rearrange itself to form them, but there is no accessible state that has higher entropy than the equilibrium state.
所以要点在于,如果你处于平衡态,其他所有的态都无法达到,我们可以重组体统来形成这些态,但没有一个可以达到的态,有比平衡态大的熵。
pV Also A plus pV and G is minimized at equilibrium with constant temperature and pressure.
同时等于亥姆赫兹自由能A加上,同时在恒定的温度和压强下。
In other words, if we don't have to worry about entropy or volume equilibrium is achieved when energy is at a minimum.
换句话说,如果我们不担心熵,和体积的平衡,那么能量就得是最小的。
I could have that path be very slow and steady, so that at every point along the way, my gas is an equilibrium.
我可以很慢,很稳定地经过这条路径,因此在这条路径上的任意一点,气体都处于平衡态。
As an exercise in finding Nash Equilibrium, by this stage in the course most of you are looking at that saying, that wasn't hard.
作为寻找纳什均衡的一个练习,在此阶段,你们中的大多数人都会说,那不难
If it equals zero, then we're at equilibrium.
如果公式等于零,那么系统就处于平衡态。
And H is minimized at equilibrium.
我们已经知道,平衡态下H是最小的。
And u is minimized at equilibrium.
这说明平衡状态下内能u是最小的。
There's our condition for equilibrium at constant temperature and pressure.
这就是我们在,恒定温度和压强下的平衡条件。
Every time you do the experiment T in equilibrium with the heat bath at T, v2 you'll get the same p2 and V2.
与热库相接触的每次实验中,达到热平衡后的温度都是,压强都是p2,体积都是。
Suppose Firm 1 is pricing at marginal cost is this a Nash Equilibrium?
假设公司1定价在边际成本,这是纳什均衡吗
We know that if these players play these games, at least if we believe in Nash Equilibrium, then they're gonna produce these quantities, they're going to produce here.
我们知道如果这些参与人进行博弈,至少我觉得在纳什均衡条件下,他们会安排这样的产量
And then we're going to look at that Nash Equilibrium and you're going to think, how does that compare to what I saw in the Cournot case we solved.
最后再看一下那些纳什均衡,你们要去思考,那跟我们学过的,古诺模型比较有什么异同
OK, we're going to do this reversibly, which means we're going to slowly change the external pressure very, very slightly at a time, so that at every point we're basically in equilibrium, p2/ until the pressure reaches a new smaller pressure p2.
整个过程保持可逆,外界压强,变化得很慢,每一个瞬间,都保持平衡,直到压强减小到末态值。
Both people would rather be at an equilibrium than to be mal-coordinated or uncoordinated, but Player 1 wants to go to Bourne ultimatum and Player 2 wants to go to Good Shepherd, and actually I thought Nina's strategy there was pretty good.
每个参与人都觉得达成均衡,总比协调失败要好得多,但是参与人1想看《谍影重重》,而参与人2想看《特工风云》,我觉得妮娜的策略很好
At C okay, so the Nash Equilibrium here, the Nash Equilibrium is for both firms to set their prices equal to marginal cost.
价格定在C,好的,所以这里的纳什均衡,纳什均衡是两家公司都把它们的价格,设定在边际成本
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