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How does all this work? Brooks believes that he can understand it, as we'll try to explain, in psychoanalytic terms.
这些都是怎么实现的呢？，布鲁克斯确信自己可以，从精神分析的角度理解这些问题，我们马上要解释。
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A big problem with this is a lot of Freudian theory is claimed to be validated in the course of psychoanalysis.
这里存在的一个大问题便是,精神分析理论中的很多内容,被认为是能够在精神分析的过程中,得到证实的。
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Thus, the dictum could be dared in the psychoanalytic school: at bottom, nobody believes in his own death.
在精神分析学院会有这种说法：,说到底，没人相信自己的死亡。
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The psychoanalysis is about basically understanding mostly through the subconscious: that's how you understand it; that's how you improve the quality of life.
精神分析学主要通过潜意识分析：,它决定你的理解;,决定如何改善生活。
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We'll discuss later on in the course what a Freudian analysis is, but this is not a pure Freudian analysis.
稍后的课程我们会详细讨论,什么才是精神分析取向的心理治疗，该例子不是纯粹的精神分析取向心理治疗。
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A Freudian analysis, of course, is lying on a couch; does not see their therapist; their therapist is very nondirective.
在精神分析取向的心理治疗中，来访者躺在沙发上;,看不到他们的心理治疗师;,而心理治疗师也不会有任何暗示性的话语。
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If somebody was to tell you this, " you'd say, "That's total nonsense," but that wouldn't deter a Freudian.
如果有人这样对你说，你定会说，“一派胡言“,但精神分析的支持者并不会就此打住。
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But the strong Freudian view about symbolism and wish fulfillment has not been supported by the study of dreams.
但精神分析理论中,关于象征和愿望满足的观点,并未得到梦境研究的证据支持。
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A lot of Freudians have tried and made a research program of extending their ideas scientifically, bringing them to robust scientific tests.
许多精神分析的支持者们,都试图建立研究项目,来科学地扩展他们的理论观点，使得这些理论观点得到了大量的科学研究。
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For most--Maybe not all, but for most psychological disorders, there are quicker and more reliable treatments than psychoanalysis.
虽然不能说全部，但是对于大多数的心理障碍来说，也确实存在着比精神分析,更加快捷可靠的治疗方法。
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So, the answer is both Freud and modern day psychoanalysts would think that medications are substantially overused in the treatment of mental disorders.
所以问题的答案就是,弗洛伊德和当代精神分析学家们都认为,药物治疗在心理障碍的治疗中,被广泛滥用了。
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I mean one way to describe this in a non-technical, non-Freudian way is, there are certain things about ourselves we'd rather not know.
用并不专业的非精神分析的话语来表述，就是我们并不想知道某些事情的存在。
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Freudian theory is now, at this point of time, extremely controversial and there is a lot of well-known criticisms and attacks on Freud.
如今，精神分析理论存在很多争议,有很多著名的针对弗洛伊德的批判和攻击。
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Obviously, he drew upon all sorts of sources and predecessors but psychoanalysis is identified as Freud's creation.
显然，他利用了各种资源,还总结了前人的成果,但精神分析依然被认为,是由弗洛伊德提出的。
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Arguably, Freud fails the test because Freudian theory is often so vague and flexible that it can't really be tested in any reliable way.
可以肯定的是，弗洛伊德的理论无法得到验证,因为精神分析理论的内容,太过模糊又太易变通,你无法通过任何可靠的方式,去验证它的正确性。
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Very few of them would see themselves as a psychoanalytic practitioner or as a Freudian psychologist.
他们中很少有人会把自己,视为精神分析从业者,或是精神分析学派的心理学家。
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The issue--The question is, "Do modern psychoanalysts still believe that " women do not have superegos?"
这个问题是，“现代精神分析学家们仍然会认为,女性没有超我吗“
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And the truth is Freudian psychoanalysis is almost never studied inside psychology departments.
事实上几乎没有心理学系,研究过弗洛伊德的精神分析。
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But a Freudian might say that even if this is your honest answer.
但精神分析的支持者会说,即使你是如实作答。
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And I want to talk about psychoanalysis today and behaviorism next week.
今天我们先来讲讲精神分析理论,下周再谈行为主义理论。
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Often in movies what happens is that somebody goes to an analyst.
电影中常见的情节是,有人会求助于精神分析师。
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I think psychoanalysts and psychoanalytic scholars right now would be mixed.
我认为当今的精神分析学家们,和精神分析的学者们,对此的看法更为多元。
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So today and Monday we're going to talk about two very big ideas and these ideas are associated with Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner and are psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
所以在今天和星期一,我们将学习两大心理理论,其代表人物分别是,西格蒙特·弗洛伊德和,伯尔赫斯·弗雷德里克·斯金纳,这两个理论便是精神分析理论,和行为主义理论。
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Freud developed and championed the theory of psychoanalysis by himself.
弗洛依德是精神分析的,提出者与拥护者。
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But I'm going to present this as an example here because it illustrates so many of the Freudian themes, particularly themes about dreams, the importance of dreams, about repression and about hidden meaning.
但我之所以要举出这个例子,是因为它展示了大量精神分析理论的主题，特别是关于梦境，梦的重要性，梦的压抑及其隐含意义这样的主题。
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This is all the Freudian unconscious.
这全都属于精神分析中的无意识范畴。
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Dream is, from a Freudian standpoint.
从精神分析的观点来看，梦是这样的。
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And then psychoanalysis, the second force.
然后是第二势力精神分析学。
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And the claim that psychoanalysis proves itself by being- by its tremendous success in curing mental illness is also almost certainly not true.
对于精神分析,通过在治疗心理疾病方面获得的巨大成功,证明了其理论的正确性,这个观点当然也是不对的。
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And the Freudian response is, "Your rejection of my ideas shows that they are distressing to you.
精神分析的支持者们会回答，“你对我观点的反对,说明这些观点让你感到痛苦。
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