She was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source, in the genes of her white blood cells.
她从1990年开始接受治疗，采用了一种革命性的新疗法，试图从她白细胞基因的源头纠正缺陷。
They received a shot of genes near their retinal cells to repair their light receptors.
他们接受了视网膜细胞附近的基因注射，以帮助修补他们的光受体。
If cells get bigger and more energetic, they need more copies of these mitochondrial genes to stay alive.
如果细胞变得更大、更有活力，它们则需要更多的拷贝这些线粒体基因来维持生计。
A virus was used to introduce the genes to mouse embryo skin cells, which were then monitored.
他们用一种病毒来把这些基因引入老鼠胚胎的皮肤细胞，然后进行监测。
It also controls genes that protect cells from highly reactive oxygen radicals - molecules often thought to drive human ageing through the cumulative damage they wreak on DNA.
它还控制基因保护细胞不受高活性氧自由基这种被认为通过其在DNA上造成的累积损害导致人衰老的分子的侵害。
Researchers add genes for light-sensitive proteins to certain cells in the organism.
研究人员在有机体特定细胞的基因中添加光敏蛋白质。
This reprogramming of the genes in the brain helps nerve cells to grow and develop larger networks.
这种基因的“重新编程”帮助细胞生长并组成更发达的神经网络。
This allowed the scientists to do away with viruses and ferry genes into the cells through pores.
这种技术使科学家不需要使用病毒，而可以将所需基因通过细胞孔导入细胞内。
Reptiles have placodes too. But in a reptile embryo each placode switches on genes that cause only the skin cells on the back edge of the placode to grow, eventually forming scales.
爬行动物身上同样存在基板，但在胚胎阶段时，它们只会触发基板后延的皮肤细胞基因进行增殖，并最终形成鳞片。
For several years, scientists have tried to use adenoviruses as a vector to carry therapeutic genes into cells, mostly for treating cancer and cardiovascular disease.
几年来，专家致力于将腺病毒作为一个载体将治疗基因带入细胞，大多是为了治疗癌症以及心血管疾病。
The idea of permanently inserting new genes into cells has generated great hopes in the past few decades, but it is a risky path to tread.
向细胞输入永久新基因，这一想法在过去的几十年都带来了巨大希望，但实施风险太大。
They can be coaxed into an embryonic-like state without any additional genes, and after becoming insulin-producing cells, they produce less cancer than other methods, according to Gallicano.
它们可不附加任何基因而被诱导为胚胎样细胞，然后变为胰岛素分泌细胞，加里卡诺说此方法比其它方法更少的诱发恶性肿瘤。
However, they are-like all other genes-found in almost all cells and are frequently studied in especially cultured fibroblast cells that are easy to work with.
不过，如同所有基因一样，在几乎任何细胞中都能找到它们的踪影，人们常常把特殊培养的成纤维细胞拿来研究，因为这样操作起来比较容易。
Although the genes seemed to turn back off once the cells were pluripotent, it wasn't clear how they might influence the cells' later behavior.
一旦细胞变为多能细胞，那些多余基因可能会被回退并关闭，但他们对细胞日后的生长会产生怎样的影响还并不清楚。
The team expressed different human genes in hamster cells, which were impervious to infection, looking for genes that allowed infection to occur.
该团队表示，在不受感染的仓鼠细胞里的不同人类基因正在寻找能被感染的基因。
Instead, the naked viral RNA may alter the function of the cells through a mechanism similar to RNA interference, in which the presence of certain RNA sequences can turn genes on and off.
相反，该病毒的裸rna可以通过一个类似rna干扰的机制，改变细胞功能，其中某些RNA序列可以打开和关闭基因。
Because the virus could accidentally switch on cancer genes, the cells would not be safe enough to use in patients.
由于病毒可能会意外地启动细胞本身含有的致癌基因，因此这种方法生成的干细胞用在患者身上就不够安全。
They do so by feeding the cells in question signals that cause them to switch particular genes on or off in response to infection.
面临感染时，它们向问题细胞发出信号，来调节特殊基因的表达与不表达。
Under the plan, the nuclei of mammoth cells will be inserted into an elephant's egg cell from which the nuclei have been removed, to create an embryo containing mammoth genes, the report said.
此计划的报告说，长毛象的细胞核将注入到大象去除细胞核的卵细胞中，从而形成含长毛象基因的胚胎。
Jeff Lichtman, the neurobiologist who created those pictures, had used the discovery to invent a way to tag nerve cells with genes whose products fluoresce green, red and blue.
拍摄这些照片的神经生物学家JeffLichtman利用这个发现发明了一种能够产生绿、红、蓝三种荧光的基因标记神经细胞的方法。
Two teams of researchers -- one led by Kyoto University's Shinya Yamanaka, the other by the University of Wisconsin's Junying Yu -- used a virus to add four new genes to skin cells.
日前，由日本东京大学的山中升迷和JunyingYu率领的两对研究小组做了这样一个实验：在表皮细胞中植入一枚病菌，经过转形，研究人员发现在表皮细胞中生成两组新的基因。
To Loring's surprise, however, the corresponding human genes did transform both animals' cells into embryonic-like stem cells called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells).
然而令Loring惊喜的是，相应的人类基因确实能把这两种动物的细胞转换成称为诱导多能干细胞(iPS细胞)的类胚胎干细胞。
How do different genes get turned on (" expressed ") or off (" silenced ") in just the right combinations to produce heart cells, bone cells and brain cells?
不同的基因是如何以适当的组合方式来开始(表达)或停止(沉默)自己的工作，从而制造心脏、骨骼以及脑部细胞呢？
When the researchers looked at a specific set of genes that kill cancer cells, TF-2 was found to activate the genes.
当研究人员看到一组杀死癌细胞的特殊基因时，他们发现是TF-2激活了这组基因。
For acquired diseases, such as cancer, gene-therapy trials are introducing genes that are intended to kill cancerous cells.
对于后天性的疾病，比如癌症，基因治疗试验是通过引入可以杀死癌细胞的基因。
Given a few key variables, such as how often viral genes shuffle inside cells, his equations can provide the minimum mutation rate to safely kill a virus.
他的方程序给出了一些关键的变量，比如病毒基因在细胞内的变异速率，这些可以帮助研究人员安全地杀死病毒。
Dr Nelson used the uniquely maternal genes to find mothers' cells in the volunteers' blood.
纳尔逊使用那些独有的母体基因去寻找志愿者血液中的母血细胞。
Dr Nelson used the uniquely maternal genes to find mothers' cells in the volunteers' blood.
纳尔逊使用那些独有的母体基因去寻找志愿者血液中的母血细胞。
应用推荐