The data from the study also shows that the decrease in ice volume has accelerated in the past five years, as well.
They also look very similar to the simulations coming out of Piomas (Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modelling and Assimilation System), an influential computer model that has been used to estimate Arctic sea-ice volume and which has been the basis for several predictions about when summer sea ice might disappear completely.
The world's most powerful neutrino telescope, IceCube, uses Antarctic ice as the detector volume, with electronic equipment sunk throughout a cubic kilometer of ice -- enough water to fill a million swimming pools -- to detect signals from neutrinos interacting with the ice.
The estimated volume of the north ice cap is about 10 times less than the minimum volume of an ancient ocean that some scientists believe once existed on Mars.
The shape of the polar cap indicates that it is composed primarily of water ice, with a volume of 1.2 million cubic kilometres.
"I think this is the first time that we can definitively say that the bulk overall volume of ice has decreased, " observed Dr Laxon.
Scientists compare annual accumulation to the volume of ice lost to sea each year to calculate the ice sheet's overall mass balance and its contribution to sea level rise.
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Data from the Sharad (SHAllow RADar) instrument (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter), document that some of these glacial-like features, which you find at Mars' mid-latitudes, have a significant volume of ice left below a surface of rock debris.
As one tenth of the ice sits above the water, it is then possible to work out the overall volume and thickness of ice in that location.
New research shows that over the past decade, the volume of Arctic ice has declined, even during the winter.
This has enabled scientists to estimate the volume of water in the ice cap and speculate that much of the planet's original water is either hidden below the surface or missing.
Of course, there will be some competition, but the amount of smaller regional exchanges will most likely diminish and their volume be absorbed by companies like ICE.
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Typically, Danisco's ingredients represent less than 1% of the volume of a finished food product, such as an ice cream.
For example, the ICE Dollar Index isn't regularly reweighted based on changes in trading volume.
The driver told police that Sno Cone Joe owners Joshua Malatino and Amanda Scott followed his truck, playing their music at high volume and trying to lure away customers with promises of free ice cream.
But the volume of the Martian north polar cap is less than half that of the Greenland ice cap, and about four percent of the Antarctic ice sheet.
Satellites have long been used to track ice extent (area), but calculating the thickness of the marine floes requires the overflying spacecraft to gauge the difference between the top of the ice surface and the top of the water - a relatively simple calculation then gives the overall volume.
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