Kiev native ame to Moscow to study, with college buddies Kuzmichev and Fridman started commodities trader, Alfa-Eco, in 1989.
Mr Fridman pulled strings, Gazprom disengaged and Mr Dudley, then the chief executive of TNK-BP, had to flee Russia.
Giacino, Fridman and a handful of other neurologists and rehabilitation experts are striving desperately to improve the odds for such severely brain-damaged patients.
Argentina's Dr. Fridman, for example, has tried levodopa on five minimally conscious and vegetative patients (including Gisela Ugalde), and four have made good recoveries.
In the 1990s, BP acquired a 10% stake in Sidanco and became locked in a power struggle with Fridman and other oligarchs over the firm.
Fridman is also a member of the super wealthy AAR consortium, a private equity firm that represents the four oligarchs that own half of TNK-BP.
FORBES: Beleagured Russian Oil Co CEO Quits After Battles With BP
Their chief executive, Mikhail Fridman, called it quits on Monday.
FORBES: Beleagured Russian Oil Co CEO Quits After Battles With BP
Fridman has cofounded a small Massachusetts biotech firm called NeuroHealing Pharmaceuticals that plans to begin a 50-patient clinical trial of an undisclosed Parkinson's disease drug this winter.
The AAR consortium, which includes billionaires Mikhail Fridman, Leonard Blavatnik and Victor Vekselberg, actually has good reason to downplay sensational theories about Russian oil.
So BP sees Mr Fridman's resignation as part of a new campaign to put pressure on BP to organise a whole or partial buyout of their holding in TNK-BP.
Norbest, an affiliate of Alpha Access Renova, which is controlled by Russian oligarchs Victor Vekselberg, Mikhail Fridman and Leonard Blavatnik, had acquired stakes in the Hawler and Sindi Amedi blocks in 2007.
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In a last-ditch effort to save her, doctors transferred her to nearby Fleni hospital, where neurologist Esteban Fridman treated her with high doses of the Parkinson's disease drug levodopa, which raises levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Last year, AAR, which is owned by four Russian-born billionaires led by tycoon Mikhail Fridman, was unhappy with BP's attempt to form an exploration alliance with Rosneft and secured a High Court injunction blocking the plan.
Purported diplomatic cables published by WikiLeaks suggest that Igor Sechin, the deputy prime minister and chairman of Rosneft, BP's new partner, was co-operating with Alfa (Mr Fridman's firm) and played a part in Mr Dudley's ouster.
Bernard Sucher, a veteran Russian banker and chairman of Alfa Capital, a unit of Mikhail Fridman's Alfa Group, thinks Russian investors' interest in their own bourses is a sign of the development of the country's financial system.
My teacher was a deeply tanned fellow named Aryeh, who told me he one day hoped to compete for the Israeli Olympic team. (I thought of him four years later, when Gal Fridman's Athens windsurfing victory landed Israel its first-ever Olympic gold).
In addition to those cited in this report, the author is particularly grateful for the insights, many of them off the record, of Hal Sirkin, Nandan Nilekani, Alvaro Rodriguez Arragui, Bernard Charles, Joshua Ramo, Michelle Guthrie, Arjun Divecha, Len Blavatnik, Viktor Vekselberg, Malvinder Singh, Bill Ford, Michael Green, Lord John Browne, John Studzinski, Bill Rhodes, Diana Farrell, Mikhail Fridman, Graham Mackey, Thor Bjorgolfsson, Ram Charan, Nabil Habayeb, Diana Glassman, David Rubenstein, Eli Jacobs, Dambisa Moyo, Alastair Newton and Michael Patsalos Fox.
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