Local elections were due, in which, as an affirmative-action measure, Shahabpur was to be reserved for a dalit pradhan.
Yet critics say the affirmative-action program promotes inter-caste resentment as India's 1.2 billion people compete for too few jobs.
WSJ: India Classifies More Castes as 'Backward' In Affirmative-Action Bid to Help the Poor
Her alternative to quotas: a broad affirmative-action programme including scholarships and subsidised pre-vestibular courses for blacks and poor whites.
It also contributed to his part in the regents' decision to take a celebrated affirmative-action case to the Supreme Court.
The Los Angeles and San Diego campuses also saw black and Hispanic admissions well down on those of affirmative-action days.
Such experiences are why some black Colombians support a government plan to present an affirmative-action bill to Congress later this year.
ECONOMIST: Black Colombians suffer ��structural discrimination��
These days, many argue that all the quotas and affirmative-action programmes to help the Malays are now not only obsolete, but counter-productive.
Memphis, and other southern cities such as Little Rock in Arkansas and Birmingham in Alabama, duly brought in some vigorous affirmative-action programmes.
He will highlight the success of affirmative-action programmes in the United States.
If that means massive intervention, in the shape of affirmative-action programmes and across-the-board benefits for parents of all sorts, the answer is no.
Four years ago, at the Republican convention in San Diego, Mr Powell openly declared his opposition to the Republicans' traditional stance against affirmative-action programmes.
They are often white and male, but they do not feel privileged and they often chafe at the way affirmative-action policies discriminate against them.
Now Mr Lanier is fighting to preserve Houston's affirmative-action programme, which keeps 20% of the city's contracts for businesses owned by minority groups and women.
Just as last year's anti-affirmative-action initiative in California set off a wave of similar campaigns across the country, so too Californian anti-unionism has national echoes.
In response, affirmative-action opponents developed an initiative to amend the Michigan Constitution to prohibit race- and sex-based discrimination or preferences in public education, employment and contracting.
There, the justices are weighing whether the University of Texas' affirmative-action program, which the school says can give an edge to some minority applicants, violates the 14th Amendment's equal-protection clause.
Mr. Najib had launched a series of economic and social overhauls before the election, rolling back parts of a decades-old affirmative-action program designed to raise incomes among the generally poorer ethnic-Malay majority.
If minority admissions continue to fall at Texas's state universities, the state's attorney-general, Dan Morales, will be urged to mount an attack on the appeal court's anti-affirmative-action ruling, which he will probably lose.
In a passionate and sometimes angry debate, black Brazilian activists insist that slavery's legacy of injustice and inequality can only be reversed by affirmative-action policies, of the kind found in the United States.
Since then, Mr. Anwar, now 65, has campaigned relentlessly, tapping into a desire for swifter reform among younger Malaysians by pledging more transparency, a tougher stance on corruption, and plans to eliminate the affirmative-action policies.
Although the civil-rights movement of the 1950s began to change this, it was not until the Carter administration introduced affirmative-action programmes in the late 1970s that the club was finally forced to throw open its doors.
Mr Sandel brings abstruse-sounding ethical puzzles down to earth with vivid examples taken from the news: price gouging in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, affirmative-action programmes at American universities, large bank bonuses paid with public money.
ECONOMIST: First principles of justice: Rights and wrongs | The
In the current term, the court is deciding a case involving an affirmative-action policy at the University of Texas, and the court may reverse at least part of a 2003 ruling that allowed some consideration of race in university admissions.
It may be that a kind of pendulum is built into American politics: if the gun lobby or the anti-affirmative-action movement scores a victory, its supporters grow complacent and its adversaries redouble their efforts, so that the victory is soon reversed.
Proposal 2 "allows alumni to simply drop in on admissions committee members to lobby for a legacy policy, " while affirmative-action proponents must "hit the streets with petitions to amend the Michigan Constitution before they can have the same chance, " said Mark Fancher, an attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan's Racial Justice Project.
Its pledges to unwind a decades-old race-based affirmative action policy designed to give a leg up to the majority ethnic-Malay population and reduce corruption have a strong appeal among mostly younger voters, analysts say.
WSJ: Malaysia's Prime Minister Najib Razak Dissolves Parliament, Paving Way for Elections
Mr. CARTER: It portrayed him as the person and not just as a candidate. what he is saying on affirmative action in terms of - and I'm saying this as someone who benefited from affirmative action because I would not have a college degree if not for affirmative action.
Beyond equality of opportunity, there are social benefits to race-conscious affirmative action policies that include Asian students.
应用推荐