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Nationally, home prices in the United States rose 85% between 1997 and 2006 in real terms-- in inflation-corrected terms.
在通货膨胀已校正的条件下,美国房价,在1997 年到2006年之间,实质上上涨了85%
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So we would say the real interest rate equals the nominal rate-- approximately equals--the nominal rate minus the inflation rate.
我们可以推出实际利率约等于,名义利率减去通货膨胀率
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You don't wanna have it depreciate all the time, and that goes back to the bad old days of inflation.
想必没人愿意看它一直贬值下去吧，搞不好又回到了通货膨胀的灰色岁月。
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You would probably not even think to say, pay me 3% interest plus the rate of inflation over the next year.
你甚至可能根本不会想到说，支付3%的利息外加来年的通货膨胀率。
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The value of money changes through time because of inflation or deflation; yet, most of our debts are written in money terms.
货币的价值因时而异,那是因为存在通货膨胀和通货紧缩;,但是，我们大多数负债都以货币方式记录。
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So central banks around the world began to manage became managers of inflation rather than defenders of a gold standard.
所以，世界各地的中央银行,开始管理，成为了通货膨胀的管理者,而不是金本位制度的守卫者。
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Arthur Burns, chairman of the Fed, There's a big inflation run up to Richard Nixon's reelection in 1972.
亚瑟·伯恩斯，前美联储主席，当时出现了严重的通货膨胀,一直持续到1972年,理查德·尼克松连任总统。
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Generally it has been inflationary after 1933; central banks have generally gradually allowed prices to rise.
大体上在1933年之后，一直处于通货膨胀时期；,中央银行大都,渐渐将价格抬高。
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Inflation rates had gotten very high even in Germany where anti-inflation sentiment was the highest.
通货膨胀率仍然很高，甚至在,反通货膨胀的情绪最高涨的德国。
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So war time periods were typically periods of great inflation and debasement of the currency.
所以，战争时期通常是,严重的通货膨胀,和货币改造的时期。
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The basic idea that's developed is that the Fed is looking at inflation and unemployment as the two major things that it looks at.
基本的观点是,美联储正在将通货膨胀和失业视为,两件重要的事情。
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Last year we had 4% inflation 4% inflation is high by traditional standards.
去年，我们有4%的通货膨胀,用传统标准衡量，4%是很高的了。
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So that would mean that the Fed should be raising interest rates to try to tighten up the economy and bring the inflation rate down.
所以，这意味着,美联储应该提升利率,以试图加强经济,并且将通货膨胀率降低。
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We had inflation rates in the United Kingdom on the order of 20% a year and people were asking ? what is going on in the UK?
我们在英国有,每年20%的通货膨胀率，然后人们还在问,英国正在发生什么？
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Well, now we're talking some real after inflation returns that can be consumed.
现在看看剔除通货膨胀后,可供消费的真实回报率
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So since 1933 the Fed has been managing inflation.
所以，自从1933年，美联储一直在管理通货膨胀。
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It used to be that there was zero inflation if you define it with respect to gold and they were really true to that zero inflation in terms of gold.
如果你用金子来定义它,那从来没有过通货膨胀,这是事实,就金子而言没有过通货膨胀。
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Then you'd have inflation because they're printing all this money.
然后通货膨胀就会发生,因为他们印制了所有的货币。
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Stagflation was a term that was developed in the 1970s to refer to a time when inflation is we have both high inflation and high unemployment; and so we're in that situation apparently again.
这种现象有个名字，叫做滞胀,滞胀是一个在二十世纪七十年代,发展出来的术语,指的是通货膨胀中的一段时间;,我们同时有高的通货膨胀和高的失业率；
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The general view is that if it's not extreme the rise is not too extreme it's good for the health of the economy as long as we don't have inflation that's too high.
一般的观点是如果它不极端,价格提升不太严重的话,只要我们没有太高的通货膨胀,它就对经济有好处。
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That is, they're not indexed for inflation.
也就是说，他们不受通货膨胀影响。
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Then finally, talk about inflation index bonds.
最后是通货膨胀指数化债券
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What caused it? It was caused maybe it's oversimplifying it it was caused by a change in our resolve to let's get inflation under control - and a willingness to accept the recession to stop the advance of inflation.
是什么引发了它,它是因为-也许过分的单纯化它,它是由于一个为了,让我们将通货膨胀控制在手中的解决方案,和一个接受经济衰退的愿望,结束通货膨胀的继续上涨所导致的。
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Central banks around this time I think it was under the leadership of Paul Volker who was the Federal Reserve Chairman they raised interest rates to kill inflation and they threw the world into a huge recession.
在这个时期，中央银行,我认为正处于保罗？沃尔克的领导之下,保罗是美联储的主席,他们提升了利率来抵制通货膨胀,然而却将整个世界都卷入了一场巨大的经济衰退。
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So we finally got tough and we got Paul Volker in there and central banks around the world all managed to get tough around that time and we killed inflation but it created a recession.
所以，我们最终强硬地实施,并且将保罗？沃尔克作为主席,世界各地的中央银行,全都在那段时期内严格的实施,最终我们消除了通货膨胀，却制造了经济衰退。
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Inflation is the most important thing according to many views because the Fed has to guarantee the soundness of the money supply -- and there have been so many cases in history when the central bank allowed debasement of the currency through inflation.
通货膨胀是最重要的事情,根据很多观点,因为美联储必须保证,货币供应的稳固,并且在历史上有太多的例子,当中央银行允许,通过通货膨胀改造货币。
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It wasn't caused by the Fed's sudden tightening against inflation. It was different it was this recession was not understood not anticipated; the Fed came in late to cut interest rates to try to prevent it from being worse because it just didn't seem to have any reason for happening.
它不是由于美联储对通货膨胀的,突然紧缩政策造成的，它不同之处在于,这个经济衰退没有被理解，没有事先准备好；,美联储试图阻止它恶化而,降低利率为时已晚，因为,它似乎看起来没有任何理由发生。
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You get nineteen times your money over eighty-one years, but then if you take into account the inflation consumes a multiple of eleven and you're an institution like Yale that consumes only after inflation returns, putting your money into treasury bills really didn't get you very much.
1年后你的钱翻了19倍,但是如果考虑通货膨胀,在此期间侵蚀了11倍的收益,而且如果你是像耶鲁这样,减去通货膨胀调整到实际回报后再论支出,那么将钱投资于短期国库券,不会让你赚得多
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Now there was inflation with regard to a basket of the Consumer Price Index is not just the price of gold; it's the price of many things but the there would be inflation or deflation as the relative price of gold changed.
现在，就一组物品来说，是存在通货膨胀的,消费者价格指数并不仅仅是金子的价格；,它是很多东西的价格，但是,当金子的相对价格变化时,通货膨胀或通货紧缩就会发生。
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Remember, it's one and a half times inflation rate plus a half time the GDP utilization 1 plus 1.
注意，公式是，1。5倍通货膨胀率,加上0。5倍实际GDP与名义GDP的百分比,再加上恒常数。
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