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Remember, the Apology viewed the dangers posed to philosophy and the philosopher and the philosophical life from the city.
谨记，《苏格拉底自辩篇》看穿了,城邦对哲学，哲学家,及哲学生活造成的风险。
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The Apology is a speech given before a large and largely anonymous audience of over 500 persons, the Assembly, the Court.
苏格拉底自辩篇》的听众,是大量匿名,超过，500，人的场合，议会法庭。
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Now turning to your sheet, in the early, early modern period the poet and courtier, Sir Philip Sidney, wrote an elegant, really wonderfully written defense of poetry, in one edition called The Apology for Poesie.
现在回到发给你们的材料上来，英国，伊丽莎白时期的朝臣及诗人，西德尼，曾写过很多很多，优美的诗歌，全部收录在一本名为《诗辩》的集子里。
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Saed." Natta, I wouldn't tell, for instance.
他说我叫Saed，-我就辩不出Natta来自哪里。
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Now for generations the Apology has stood out as a symbol for the violation of free expression.
几个世纪以来，《苏格拉底自辩篇》,象征着对自由表述的侵害。
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The Apology shows Socrates as offering a new model of citizenship a new kind of citizen.
苏格拉底自辩篇》显示出苏格拉底,欲提出一种新模式的公民权，一种新型态的公民。
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In many ways, in replying to the jury's verdict in the request that he cease philosophizing, Socrates explains himself in the following terms.
多方看来，响应陪审团的裁决,要求他停止哲思时，苏格拉底以下列词汇自辩。
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We see Socrates addressing, the only time in any platonic dialogue, an audience of this size.
我们看到苏格拉底自辩的对象，其它柏拉图式语录的听众人数，根本与其无法匹敌。
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That seems to me to be in some ways the fundamental question that ?! the Apology asks us to consider. Okay?
那在我看来，从某个层面来说,是《苏格拉底自辩篇》,要我们思索的基本问题，好吗？
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In this respect, it would seem to be the sort of perfect bookend to the Apology.
从这个角度看来，这可说是,《苏格拉底自辩篇》最佳的支撑论点。
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Think of that. And while you're thinking about it you can start reading Plato's Apology for Socrates which we will discuss for class on Wednesday.
想想这个问题，此外，你们可以开始,阅读柏拉图的《苏格拉底自辩篇》,我们将在周三的课堂上讨论。
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The Apology takes place in the Court of Athens, the most public of settings, while the Crito occurs within the darkness and confinement of a prison cell.
苏格拉底自辩篇》发生在雅典的法庭，最公开的场合；,而《克里托篇》则是在,阴暗幽禁的监狱牢房之中。
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But how did Plato intend this dialogue to be understood? Note that Socrates never defends himself by reference to the doctrine of unlimited free speech.
但柏拉图到底想要这场辩证,如何被理解呢？请注意,苏格拉底的自辩从未援引,无限自由言论学说。
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That's the question I want us to consider again for next week as we finish the Apology ?! and move our way up to the Crito. Okay?
这是我希望大家在下周,结束《苏格拉底自辩篇》之前思考的问题,然后我们将进入《克里托篇》，好吗？
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But this reading of the Apology as you might say is a kind of brief for freedom of expression and a warning against the dangers of censorship and persecution.
但阅读《苏格拉底自辩篇》，你可能会说,好似一种对言论自由的概述,还有对审查,及迫害危机的警告。
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That itself is an eminently contestable proposition.
这句话的本身即是一个极佳的可辩主题。
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Not only does the Apology force Socrates to defend himself before the city of Athens but Socrates puts the city of Athens on trial and makes it defend itself before the high court of philosophy.
苏格拉底自辩篇》不仅迫使苏格拉底,在雅典城前自辩,他也迫使雅典全城受审,而且让它自辩于,哲学的最高法院面前。
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The Apology presents Socrates, right?
自辩篇》将苏格拉底？
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Plato's dialogues, the Apology as well as the Republic and the Crito are in the broadest sense of the term, an attempt not only to answer the charge against Aristophanes but also defend the cause of philosophy as something of value and merit.
柏拉图的语录《苏格拉底自辩篇》,《理想国》和《克里托篇》,以最广泛的解释看来，不仅试图响应,亚里斯多芬尼斯的控诉,同时还捍卫着,哲学的目标是价值与功绩。
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The Apology and the Crito represent a tension, they represent even a conflict between two more or less permanent and irreconcilable moral codes.
苏格拉底自辩篇》和《克里托篇》,代表着一种张力，它们甚至可说代表着两种,多少算是永恒,且无法调和的道德规范。
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The Apology, the Crito, these are warm-ups to the big theme, to the big book, the Republic.
苏格拉底自辩篇》，《克里托篇》,都是更大主题的，暖身读物。
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If the Apology presents the philosopher's case against the city, Socrates' case against the city, the Crito presents the city's case against the philosopher.
如果《自辩篇》,呈现哲学家对抗城邦的论点，苏格拉底对抗城邦的论点，《克里托篇》则呈现,城邦对付哲学家的论点。
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This seems to suggest that referring back to the Apology, that it is not Socrates, but the Athenians who innovate, who create and introduce new deities.
这似乎在暗示,参照回《苏格拉底自辩篇》,并非苏格拉底，而是雅典人在造神,并迎神。
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The question is, why does Socrates exhibit such proud defiance and independence of the laws in the Apology, and such total, even kind of mouse-like, acquiescence to the laws in the Crito?
问题是，为何苏格拉底一方面展现了自豪的反抗,及独立于法律之外如同《自辩篇》所载，但这种绝对性，却化为鼠辈般，默认了全部的法律，一如《克里托篇》所载？
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We overlook, we conveniently overlook a number of facts about him, his hostility to democracy, we'll see that in the Republic but we've seen it already to some degree in the Apology.
我们忽略了,很轻易就忽略掉许多关于他的事实，他对民主的敌视，将在《理想国》中详读,但我们已能在《苏格拉底自辩篇》中,看出端倪。
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Maybe the answer, or an answer, to this question is revealed in the Crito, the companion dialogue, the companion speech that goes along with the Apology, although it typically gets much less attention than the Apology.
也许答案或任何一种响应，这个问题的答案都可在《克里托篇》寻得，这是柏拉图的另一篇语录，另一篇,与《苏格拉底自辩篇》等齐的辩论，但一般较少受到,与《苏格拉底自辩篇》等同的注意。
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Aristophanes' play sometimes is even included in certain editions of the book you're reading like this one it has the edition of Aristophanes' Clouds in it along with the Apology and Crito.
亚里斯多芬尼斯的剧作有时,也会包含在,你们所读的特定版本书中，像这本,它内含亚里斯多芬尼斯的《云》,还有《苏格拉底自辩篇》和《克里托篇》
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In the first speech of the Apology, he defies the city to put him to death by expressing indifference to death and then in the Crito, he very much expresses that indifference to death by refusing to allow Crito to let him escape.
苏格拉底自辩篇》的第一场申辩中，他抗拒城邦处他死刑,理由是他根本漠视死亡,但之后在《克里托篇》,他表述漠视死亡的方式,变成拒绝让克里托助他逃亡。
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And here are the words of his that I want to leave you with today from section : 31d of the Apology. Socrates writes "This is what opposes my political activity.
今天的总结要引用他讲的话,摘自《苏格拉底自辩篇》31d段落,苏格拉底写道,“这违背了我的政治活动。
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