But I was a really good programmer and I wanted to understand the consumer side of the Internet.
但我是个很好的程序设计师,我想了解互联网关于消费者的一面。
So, no one was really excited to build the product or build the tool and they weren't consumers of the tool.
所以,没人真正为造出产品或工具而感到兴奋,因为他们不是这个工具的消费者。
And we find there's lots of consumer surplus because the prices are really as low as they ever could be.
并且我们发现有很多消费者剩余,因为价格已经不能再低
I think Dell is Dell because we found a better way, and we listened to our customers.
戴尔取得今天的成就是因为找到了更好的办法,我们倾听消费者的声音。
we have consumers under pressure because of their overextension of credit and they're having overpaid for houses over the last handful of years.
一些承受压力的消费者,因为过度贷款,他们不得不在过去的几年时间里,在买房子的时候花费了更多的钱。
This is a consumer society; in the 1950s it was already very much so.
这是一个消费者的社会,在50年代就几乎是这样了。
And we want to have more interdependency because customers are insisting.
我们想有更多的互相依赖,因为消费者总是坚持自身的立场。
Then I started to think, "Is there any way that we can save the consumers' effort and integrate everything, every function, every application, every information needs that a user wishes into one box?"
于是我开始思考,有没有一种办法,使得消费者’,省下精力与时间,将所有功能,所有应用,所有信息,按照用户所希望的,整合到一个搜索框内?
Some of this can be done if consumers make different choices in what they eat, but some can be silent changes too, so Frito-Lay taking the Trans fats out of their products and switching them with a healthier fat is a silent change that could have a positive impact on public health.
有些只要消费者选择其它的食物即可做到,但也有些变化是悄无声息的,菲多利将其产品中的反式脂肪,替换成更健康的脂肪就并未声张,这对大众健康有着积极的影响
So the issue is going to be which firm does each consumer go and buy their product from.
所以问题变成了每个消费者,去哪家公司买东西
And so I thought, hey, what if you sold the product directly to the customer.
我想,嘿,将产品直接卖给消费者怎么样。
The one that just came out is the Consumer Confidence Index which was a Conference Board publication.
浮现出来的指示器是,消费者价格指数,是世界大型企业联合会公布的。
Each consumer is going to buy one product, either from Firm 1 or from Firm 2.
每个消费者会买一个产品,从公司1买或者从公司2买
So, it would be working parallel but their job would be to represent the consumer and that sounds like a good idea to me.
这样这个新的机构就能,但与其他机构不同的是他们的工作是保护消费者,对我来说这是个好点子。
In the second case, if both firms undercut each other, you end up with low prices, that's actually good for consumers but bad for firms.
在第二个案例中,如果两家企业互相削弱,最终会压低价格,这对消费者有利,但对企业不利
So, this is a more complex and, sort of, dense example of how that consumer, that push to consume, that consumer sense drives and motivates the novel and plays out in what they see when they are on the road.
这是个更复杂更难懂的例子,它有关那些消费者,怎样推动消费和消费者的意识怎样驱动小说情节发展,及演变出他们在路上看到的各种事物。
Consumer surplus, the benefits flowing to consumers lie in between.
消费者剩余,消费者得到的利益介于两者之间
I think that what Paulson and Nason want to do is to create a separate business conduct agency that is aimed at consumer protection.
我认为鲍尔森和内森想做的,就是建立一个独立的商业行为监管机构,来保护消费者。
But the customer won't always articulate the brilliant new idea.
但是消费者不会,提出很好的新点子。
And from the point of view of the rest of us, the consumers, this Cournot quantity is worse than perfect competition but better than monopoly.
而从消费者的角度来看,古诺均衡劣于完全竞争,但优于垄断情况
That's good for us the consumers, but bad for the firm, bad for industry profit.
这对消费者来说是有利的,但对企业和行业的利润是不利的
So as far as the consumers are concerned, these two products are perfect substitutes.
对于消费者而言,这两种商品是完全替代品
And it's not just about listening to the customer.
只听消费者的意见是不够的。
consumer protection that it would make sure that businesses are protecting individuals.
保障消费者权益,他将保证每个消费者在商业行为中,都能得到保护。
And then from a welfare point of view, from a policy point of view, we're interested about whether this is good for consumers or good for producers or what.
其次,从政治上的福利观点来看,我们还需要研究,这对消费者有利还是对生产者有利
And what happened is, over a 30-year or so period, the industry really shifted to be one where industry standards started to come into play, the customers started to have a bigger role.
经过了30年左右,这个行业发生了变化,出现了产业标准,消费者的角色也越来越重要。
How this relates to profits and consumer surplus.
这与消费者剩余有什么关联
Which firm does each consumer choose?
每个消费者选择哪家公司呢
It says the price index contained this amount of beef, this amount of sheep wool, this amount of sole leather, and this amount of corn; that was the first consumer price index ever used for financial contracts.
指数中包括这些数量的牛肉,这些数量的羊毛,这些数量的鞋底皮,这些数量的玉米,这是在金融合约里出现的,第一个消费者物价指数
You want us to go out and protect consumers, well of course that's a nice mission, but that's not our mandate.
如果你想改变这一切去保护消费者,当然,这是个高尚的事情,但是我们OCC没有得到这样的指令。
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