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So priests, ministers or pastors -- we still call them pastors -had long been referred to as shepherds.
因此牧师，神官或教会牧师-我们仍然这样叫他们,很长一段时间都以牧羊人来代指。
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But the question is how are those of us of this generation, living that ethic out in the early 21st century?
但问题是,我们这代人如何，将在21世纪初的生活中体现这一道德？
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So now, I'm gonna plug in 8 here and now finally, 24 that's 16 so that's plus 8, so that's 24.
这儿用8代入，就是16加8，等于。
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And in terms of equations that we use, it's sometimes easier to plug in the fact, since momentum is equal to mass times velocity.
在我们使用方程这方面，事实上有时是很容易代入的，因为动量等于质量乘以速度。
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So, Hartman and Fish have forwarded two perfectly ingenious theories of Milton's similes, and they've had a tremendous impact, rightly, on generations now of readers of Milton.
所以，哈特曼和费什提出了两个相当聪明的理论,给弥尔顿的两代读者，留下了深远的影响。
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A critical point was a book written by Louis Brandeis, that's the guy that Brandeis University is named after.
这就不得不提路易斯·布兰代斯的一部著作,布兰代斯大学正是以他命名的
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It's one thing to plug in all the numbers and say, "I know Newton's laws and I know how they work."
我们平时只是把数字代进公式,然后说,"我懂牛顿定律,也知道怎么使用"
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So within a couple of generations people could move up from being the lowest slaves to two generations of being free Roman citizens.
所以几代以内,奴隶能从最低社会等级,上升两位，成为自由的罗马公民。
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6% If you plug into this formula here, you end up with 56%.
代入公式，算出结果为。
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That incident that Socrates tells here represents what one could call " the famous Socratic turn Socrates' second sailing so to speak.
苏格拉底在这儿,所提的事件代,表著名的“苏格拉底转向,即苏格拉底的第二次启航。
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I don't know if that's true of you, but it certainly is true of people of my generation.
我不知道你们是不是也这样,但对于我们这代人来说确实如此
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This sperm has gained quite a vocabulary, and it includes this line: "I have seen the best swimmers of my generation go under.
这个精子词汇量很大啊，它总结如下：,我曾见过这代人中最好的泳者沉底。
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Workplaces that some that your parents' generation may have grown up understanding as a very personal place.
工作的地方,你父母那代长大后,会明白工作车间的私人化含义
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So, the idea itself was developed in the nicest form by Thorndike who explored how animals learn.
这个观点,是由探究动物如何学习的,桑代克所提出的。
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You can pick out words that are identical. The purpose of the law is to "establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty."
你可以找出完全相同的话，法律的目的是,“树立正义，保障国内的安宁，建立共同的国防,增进全民福利和确保我们自己及我们後代,能安享自由带来的幸福“
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I can substitute dq from this expression in here.
代入这个表达式的这里。
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So I'm going to be asking you to put yourself in the first person.
所以我现在请大家把自己代入进去。
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for medical services or doctors are available because of 24 hours change.
因为24小时的值班制,人们可以随时接到代诊服务。
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And I'm going to rewrite it now with that P expanded out.
我把它代入到这个表达式然后展开
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The work of Skinner , the work of Thorndik .
代表人物有斯金纳，桑代克。
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I think it's a remarkable dynamic that Mark started this company in 2004 and that first generation the first nine or ten years of the Internet did not have a Facebook-like company that was thinking through it in a simple way.
我认为马克在2004年开办的这个公司的影响巨大,因为互联网初期的那代人用了九、十年,都没能创办一家像脸谱网一样的公司,能用简单的思维考虑问题。
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But what about Thorndike's study?
但桑代克的研究说明了什么呢？
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And through this way behaviorists have developed token economies where they get nonhuman animals to do interesting things for seemingly arbitrary rewards like poker chips.
通过这种方式,行为主义者们发明了代币法,他们用一种特定的类似于扑克筹码的奖励,来训练非人类动物。
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So the brothers, having proven their new integrity Joseph weeps, he reveals his identity in a very moving scene, and ultimately the family is relocated to, and reunited in Egypt, where they live peacefully and prosperously for some generations.
这些兄弟们证明了他们新的正直,约瑟夫轻泣，他在非常动人的一幕中表明身份，最终，全家人都迁移并重聚在埃及，他们几代人都在那里平安繁盛地生活。
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But he was living in the paper age.
布兰代斯生活在纸质文档的年代
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His challenge to the poets is in a way the basis for the resentment that is built up against him in that Aristophanes and what he calls the earlier accusers have brought to bear.
他对诗人的挑战，某个层面来说,是对反对他的人所产生之愤恨的基础,这是亚里斯多芬尼斯及他所谓的,前代原告施加于他的。
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But since life expectancy in the Ancient World was much less than ours, you didn't have usually several generations in these households, because older people just died.
但是古代人的寿命没我们长，一般不会出现几代同堂，因为年纪大了去世了。
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I don't know where that is, that disappeared on the blackboard, then putting the time equal to 1 second into this formula.
我不知道我写在哪儿了,已经不在黑板上了,然后把时间等于1秒代入方程
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Will the best regime be a small closed society ? that through generations has made a supreme sacrifice towards self-perfection? Think of that.
最优的政体会是一个小型封闭的社会吗,经过多代之后，已壮烈地牺牲于自我完善之中,想想这个问题。
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These are all formulas, I just plugged it into formulas that we did in the second lecture.
这些就是计算要用到的所有的变量，把它们代入第二节课,讲过的公式中去。
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