That's the only way I could have played him. Otherwise I would have been totally intimidated all the time."

VOA: standard.2009.12.17

It means the company went bankrupt and never paid; otherwise, the coupons would have been clipped.

这意味着那家公司破产了,无法兑现,否则,息票肯定会被剪掉

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

The second one, I guess, involves an active choice of pushing a person down which I guess that person himself would otherwise not have been involved in the situation at all.

我认为第二种情况，牵涉到主动选择推人,而被推的这个人,本来跟这事件一点关系都没有。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

"My brother and I were talking about how - normally you do not just walk up to a temple or a synagogue and say, 'hey,can I come in and take a look?' So this is a great opportunity and exposes me to a lot of things that I would not otherwise have been exposed to,"

VOA: standard.2009.10.19

These would have been inscriptions either on pottery, which the earliest ones are,or on stone, but otherwise I'm sure there was writing on perishable material-wooden plaques, probably not yet paper, but these would have been destroyed.

有些是刻在陶器上的铭文,最早期的时候,是刻在石头上的,但另外,我能肯定,有些是写在易腐蚀的材质,比如木头,或者瓷片上的,当时应该还没有出现纸,但是这些都被毁坏了

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选