韩礼德认为隐喻是意义表达的“变异”，不仅局限于词汇层，也常常出现在语法层。
Halliday (ibid) regards metaphor as "variation" in the expression of meaning, which is not only limited at lexical level, but also located in grammatical level.
所有这些二词一组的同源词说明了，北京话的基本词汇层并非只有一层。最后一句搞不清啦，意译了，呵呵。
All these etymological doublets indicate that the Peking dialect is comprised of a basic native word stock overlaid with one or more strata of extraneous material.
尽管在真实的文本阅读中这一基本模式会发生些变体调整，但都可以通过问答法及语法词汇层的词语特征来识别。
Though it has some modifications in the actual text, all its function elements can be identified both by the lexical signaling in the level of lexicogrammar, and by the use of question technique.
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