只有内核才可以直接与 SPU 进行通信，因此需要将硬件接口抽象为系统调用或设备驱动程序。

Only the kernel can directly communicate with an SPU and therefore needs to abstract the hardware interface into system calls or device drivers.

youdao

协议层下面是另外一个无关接口层，它将协议与具有很多各种不同功能的硬件设备连接在一起。

Below the protocols layer is another agnostic interface layer that connects protocols to a variety of hardware device drivers with varying capabilities.

youdao

每个设备接口都需要管理与设备的连接，通过定制的设备协议进行交互，并提供一个规范化的、面向外部的API。

Each device interface needs to manage the connection to the device, interface through the custom device protocol, and present a normalized, outward-facing API.

youdao