很多个体们发现，他们对“感知的标记”的消失感到很震惊，随着现实被他们认知到是真实的，他们深感不安。

Many individuals find the shock of realizing that their perceptual markers have disappeared, along with the reality that they assumed to be real, deeply disturbing.

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这个发现不禁让人对“标记”测试的中肯性和低级灵长类和高级灵长类之间存在的认知鸿沟产生怀疑。

The finding casts doubt on both the relevance of the mark test and on the existence of a definitive cognitive divide between higher and lower primates.

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很多语言的完成体标记都是来自于领有动词，这背后存在着深刻的认知理据。

The perfect aspects of many languages are grammaticalized from possession verbs, which is motivated by human cognition.

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