虱子的成虫和若虫终生在寄主体上吸血。寄主主要为陆生哺乳类动物，少数为海栖哺乳类，人类也常被寄生。虱子不仅吸血危害，而且使寄主奇痒不安，并能传染很多重要的人畜疾病。
褐飞虱虫口密度和为害持续时间对水稻挥发物的活性具有明显的影响。
Nilaparvata lugens density and continuously feeding time obviously influenced the activity of volatiles emitted from rice plants attractive to the parasitoid.
随着带病毒蜱虫附着人体时间增加，莱姆螺旋体感染几率也随之提升(24小时0%，48小时12%，72小时79%，96小时则高达94%。)幼虱作用人体约需30小时，成虫仅需10小时，幼虱约是成虫的2倍。
The probability of transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes increases the longer an infected tick is attached 0% at 24 hours, 12% at 48 hours, 79% at.
加拿大和挪威科学家都已经发现，来自渔场的海虱和其他寄生虫能感染经过的红鲑，导致红鲑的生存机率下降。
Studies by local and Norwegian scientists have found that sea lice and other parasites from the fish farms can infect the passing sockeye, reducing their chance of survival.
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