其中集中讨论了可耕地上的公共放牧权、公用永久草场和荒地的利用方式、村社经济管理等方面的问题。

Topics such as common pasture in arable land , use of regulated meadow and waste, economic management of village are discussed here.

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在过去150多年里，西方普遍认为中国的荒地，包括林地和草场在内，都是缺乏管理和保护的。

Over the last 150 years prevalent Western perceptions have held that the Chinese failed to manage or protect their wastelands, including forests and grazing areas.

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