心理学最早起源于哲学，从哲学中分离出来形成一门独立的研究学科。是人类自我思维、行为方式认知和剖析，研究人类怎样感知外界信息和怎样进行信息内化处理的心理和行为的规律的科学。
通过获得检验观念真伪的能力，他们实现了自我思维解放的第一个阶段。
By having become able to distinguish between true and false notions they have reached the first stage of their intellectual emancipation.
它们对于我的影响，就如同我确信自我思维妥贴所为正当时，全身涌起的超越而高尚的感情。
Its effect is like that of a higher thought or a better emotion coming over me, when I deemed I was thinking justly or doing right.
然而，教师在帮助学生对学习和思维活动进行反思的同时，也增强了学生的自我调节能力。
However, when teachers help pupils to reflect on their own learning and thinking activities, they increase their pupils' self-regulation.
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