...的定义，所谓软约束（soft budget），是指一个经济组织出现自有资本不足时，可以获得外来贷款；相对而言，硬约束（hard budget）是指当经济组织出现自有资本不足时，不能获得外来贷款。
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资本硬约束下如何更好地协调盈利性和安全性成为我国商业银行急需解决的问题。
How to better coordinate safety and profitability with the tough constraints of capital has became an urgent problems to resolve in China's commercial Banks.
这种现象产生的原因是硬约束的缺位，解决问题的主要途径是大力发展债券市场。
This phenomenon is due mainly to the lack of hard obligation. The solution to this problem lies in the development of bonds market.
有效的网络学习应建立合理资本，提高合理范围，还必须借助于合同、制度等硬约束方式。
Building relative capital, improving relative scope and utilizing hard restriction, such as bargain, institution, will help network learning.
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