量子论把宇宙描述为本质是不连续的，比如能量可以以很小的单位元出现，但不能更小。

Quantum theory describes the universe as intrinsically discontinuous: energy, for example, can come in bits just so small, but no smaller.

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在此之前，虽然物理学家知道光是一种量子现象，但还是能用老的基于光波的描述搪塞过去。

Before then, although physicists knew that light was a quantum phenomenon, they had been able to get away with using the old wave-based descriptions.

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量子力学是在亚原子的层面上描述一个朦胧的世界，在这个世界中猫可以同时活着和死去，这可是出了名的难以把握。

Quantum mechanics, which describes in subatomic detail a shadowy world in which cats can be simultaneously alive and dead, is notoriously difficult to grasp.

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So if we're talking about the fourth excited state, and we talk instead about principle quantum numbers, what principle quantum number corresponds to the fourth excited state of a hydrogen atom.

如果我们说的是,第四激发态，我们用,主量子数来描述，哪个主量子数对应了,氢原子的第四激发态？

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The reason there are three quantum numbers is we're describing an orbital in three dimensions, so it makes sense that we would need to describe in terms of three different quantum numbers.

我们需要，3个量子数的原因,是因为我们描述的是一个，三维的轨道，所以我们需要，3个不同的量子数,来描述它。

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So we can completely describe an orbital with just using three quantum numbers, but we have this fourth quantum number that describes something about the electron that's required for now a complete description of the electron, and that's the idea of spin.

所以我们可以用３个,量子数完全刻画轨道，但我们有这第四个量子数,来完整的,描述电子，这就是自旋的概念。

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