制度权威和社会权威对立统一的基础在于现实社会的物质关系。

The basis for the opposition and unity of institutional authority and personal authority lies in the realization of the practical social relations.

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对心灵与物质关系的认识分为三种理论流派：心物二元论、唯心论、唯物论。

On understanding the relationship between mind and matter are three theoretical schools: mind-matter dualism, idealism, materialism.

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生物学家研究野生猴子时，有时需要某只猴子的遗传物质 DNA 来确定其亲子关系。

Biologists studying wild monkeys sometimes need the genetic material DNA from a particular monkey to determine the animal's parentage.

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So Klawans notes in the article you read that the physical substances and states that are labeled impure and are therefore designated as antithetical to the realm of holiness are states that are associated with death on the one hand, and procreation on the other. Why should this be?

克洛文对你们现在读到的文章有过这样的说明,那些被贴上不洁标签,然后被认为和神圣的领域相对立的物质和状态,一方面来说都和死亡有关系，而另一方面和生殖有关，这是怎么回事呢？

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

But because in many cases we can reasonably either model or measure equations of state, collect data for a material for its temperature, pressure, volume relations, then in fact if we can relate all these quantities to those then in fact we really can calculate essentially all of the thermodynamics. For the material.

但是因为在很多情况下,我们能够合理的给出状态方程的模型,或者通过收集一个物质的，温度，压强和体积之间的关系,来测量其状态方程，所以实际上我们可以给出压强等物理量,和热力学势之间的关系,并计算出所有的热力学势，对于给定的物质。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选