广告公司经常制作替代广告或在报纸、电视台等预先测试的广告。
Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pretested in newspapers, television stations, etc.
要进行测试，需要创建存根，用于替代生产环境中的遗留应用程序。
Testing requires creation of stubs, which would substitute the legacy applications in a production environment.
这样得到的代码更易于做单元测试、易于替代、易于维护、易于修改等等。
The result is code that is easy to unit test, easy to substitute, easy to maintain, easy to change, etc.
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