预算包括时间约束(time constraint): T Lntr 9和收入约束(income constraint): wn V Gm Px X Pz Z 10这里, T 总时间, V 其他收入,如非工资收入、来自于其他家庭成员的收入等,Px X的价格,Pz Z 的价格。
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income compensated demand curve income constraint 收入约束 income consumption curve 收入消费曲线 ..
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收入硬约束 stiff earning restraint
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财政约束主要表现在财政支出约束、财政收入约束和预算原则约束等几个方面。
Fiscal constraint includes government expenditure control, government revenue control and budget principle control etc.
而且收入越低,信贷约束越紧的人,其花去的退税款比例越高。
Poorer, more credit-constrained people spent a higher share of their rebates.
没收入的女性受到婚姻和丈夫的约束。
Without income, women were tied to their marriages and husbands.
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