当他们开始研究供应链时，他们发现实际上只有2%到3%的野牛是食草的。

When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed.

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毕竟，这种情况在某些地方正在发生，尽管这种变化通常开始于食物链的顶端。

This is, after all, what is happening in other places, though usually the changes start at the apex of the food web.

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修订从1开始顺序编号，每当开发链出现分叉(即分支)时添加后缀。

Revisions are numbered sequentially starting from 1 and are suffixed each time a chain of development diverges or branches.

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This blue chain here goes from 5' carbon all along the chain and there's a 3' carbon left open at the bottom.

这条蓝色的链,从5'碳开始一直向下延伸,以3'碳做为链的末端

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I'm going to start by talking about a very specific and interesting form of double stranded DNA called a plasmid and plasmids occur in nature.

我要从一种十分特殊,并有趣的双链DNA开始,这种双链DNA被称为质粒,它在自然界就存在

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If you start with only one, you have two pieces of DNA, then you'll get 2 to the Nth fragments after N cycles because each cycle you're doubling the number.

如果你从仅仅一个DNA开始,你有两条DNA链,经过N次循环后,就得到二的N次方个DNA片段,因为每次循环都使其数量翻倍

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选