在自然界中，随着漫长的生物演化过程，生物与生物之间的关系更加复杂。凡是2种生物在一起生活的现象，统称共生(symbiosis)。在共生现象中根据2种生物之间的利害关系可粗略地分为共栖、互利共生、寄生等。
寄主标记信息素也会给释放着带来不利的影响，如信息盗用和盗寄生现象等。
Host marking pheromones sometimes may bring adverse effects on the releaser, such as eavesdropping and cleptoparasitism.
HPC器件的独特结构减少了由于PC B上的互连线路缩短而引起的寄生现象，并通过缩短组件间的距离提高了电路性能。
HPC devices 'unique construction reduces parasitics by shortening interconnecting traces on PCBs and improves circuit performance by decreasing the distance between components.
在青少年以及处于怀孕初期阶段的妇女中食土现象最为普遍，因为这两者都极易受到寄生虫以及病原体的侵害。
Dirt is most commonly eaten by women in early stages of pregnancy and preadolescent children. Both are particularly at risk from parasites and pathogens.
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